1、小学英语语法及练习题名词【要点精华】1. 定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名
2、词。2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词）a. 一般情况在名词后加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-carsb. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licensesd. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babiese. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：1). 加s，如： photo-photo
3、s piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos；2). 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1). 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves3). 上述a和b
4、两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。3. 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Ja
5、panese ，yuan等。4. 名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Wheres Lin Taos bike?林涛的自行车在哪2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“ ”，例如：teachers office老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“s”，例如：those mens hats 那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“s”，例如：Jims and Kates glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“s”，例如：Jim and
6、Kates kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，例如：Shall we go to Meimeis for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗7）没有生命的名词所有格用of，例如：This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。【实战演练场】一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher mu
7、sic ear cola watermelon cherry 二. 写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch_ 2.class_ 3.shelf_4.dog_ 5.dish_ 6.child_7.nurse_ 8.desk_ 9.boy_10.baby_ 11.tooth_ 12.eye_13.sheep_ 14.tomato_ 15.library_16.goose_ 17.photo_ 18.telephone_三. 填入所给名词的适当形式1. We have three_(pen).2. This is an _(apple).3. Where is the_(pencil)?4. Ther
8、e is a little _ in the bottle(juice).5. Are you a _(driver)? Yes, I am.6. There are a few _(watch)on the desk.7. Many_(shelf)are in our school library.8. He has some_(ink).9. The_(girl)in red is Mary.10. How many_(people)are there in your family? Three.四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school pineapple panda jack
9、et peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpointpen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1. pencil2. banana3. coat4. wolf5. school building五. 选择题( )1.There is _on the table.A. Plate B.a plate C.plates( )2.I can see ma
10、ny _in the garden.A.flowers B.a flower C.flowers( )3.The_on the hills are all white.A.sheep B.sheeps C.doG( )4.These new_are for you.A.skirt B.shoe C.shirts( )5.The clock has three_A.legs B.leg C.faces( )6.They are not in the same_.A.class B.classes C.familys( )7.Is this your_?A.a key B.keys C.key(
11、)8.They are having_.A.a class B.English class C.Chinese class( )9.There are so many _in the hall.A.peoples B.people C.a people( )10.The_has some nice pictures.A.boys B.teachers C.child( )11.The_are dancing at the party.A.woman B.women C.man( )12.The _are in Room408.A.student B.a student C.students(
12、)13.Whos that_? Shes my mother.A.man B.woman C.women( )14.The_are catching the thief.A.policeman B.policemen C.policemans( )15.There are new _in my schoolbag.A.knife B.knifes C.knives( )16._jacket is it? May be its_.A.Whos;Toms B.What;Toms C.Whose;Toms( )17.The books are the_.A.teachers B.teachers C
13、.teacher( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on_Day.A.children B.Childrens C.Childrens( )19.Is it the twins bedroom? Yes,it is. Its_bedroom.A.Ann and Annas B.Anns and Annas C.Ann and Anna( )20.That is _dog. A.Toms B.Toms C.Tom( )21._coats are very pretty.A.Jim and Tims B.Jims and Tims C.Jim
14、 and Tim( )22.They are going to their_home for dinner.A.uncles B.uncle C.uncles( )23.The big room is_.A.the twins B.twins C.the twins( )24.March 8th is_.A.Womans Day B.Womans Day C.Womens Day六. 根据英语解释以及首字母写单词1. comes after afternoon e_2. a small bag with money in it w_3. the hottest season s_4. the
15、first day of the working week M_5. the first month of a year J_ 6. a room for sleeping b_7. your uncles son or daughter c_8. the sister of your father or mother a_9. the month after July A_10. making you very afraid; very bad t_七. 英汉互译1.一位美国医生_ 2.许多绵羊_3.不同的季节_ 4.一杯牛奶_5.凯特的家庭照_ 6.my uncles friend_7.h
16、er cats name_ 8.the doors of the classroom_9.the twins mother_ 10.Lucy and Kates bedroom_八. 根据中文完成句子1. When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and take some_(药).2. My hobby is collecting_(邮票).3. Many_(孩子)like watching cartoon(卡通片).4. Every morning we should brush_(牙齿).5. We must clean our_(
17、教师)after school.6. May I have another_(一瓶橘汁).7. I like _(这条连衣裙的颜色).8. _(汤姆和安的手套)are the same.9. There are many_(狼)in the forest.10. _(西红柿)is my favourite vegetable.九. 阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. Its a picture of Mr. Greens family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Greens father. Mr. Green
18、 is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeffs parents love them all very much.( )1.The old man is Lucy and Lilys_.A.father B.cousin C.uncle D.grandfather( )2.The Greens have two_.A.brothers
19、B.sisters C.sons D.daughters( )3.Lucy has_.A.a friend B.a sister C.a brother D.two sisters( )4.Jeffs father is Lucy and Lilys_.A. Uncle B.father C.brother D.grandfather( )5.Lilys mother is a _.A.doctor B.worker C.teacher D.father一十. 情景英语 选择正确的句子完成对话 Hello, Wang Mei! _1_ . Sure! How can I help you? I
20、 want to move the desk, but its too heavy._2_ I want to put it in the next room. OK, _3_ Oh, its so heavy,_4_No,its full of books.I see. Why dont you take out the books? _5_1._2._3._4._5._A.Thats a good idea!B.Goodbye!C.Where do you want to put it?D.Is it empty?E.Shall we go?F.How are you?G.Could yo
21、u help me, please?一十一. 将下列短语改写成用“s”来表示所有关系的短语 1.a walk of half an hour _2.the bikes of Helen and Jane_ 3.the ships of the children_4.the sister of John_5.at the shop of uncle John_6.the room of Helen and John_一十二. 把下列短语译成汉语1.a piece of bread_ 2.a box of apples_3.a pair of trousers_ 4.a bottle of ora
22、nge juice_5.a cup of tea_ 6.a glass of water_7.a piece of news_ 8.seven boxes of apples_十三. 名词所有格练习.1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书).3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th
23、 .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.
