1、高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语法部分专题二短文改错第1讲短文改错教学案专题二短文改错策略综述1细读全文，了解全篇首先要细读全文，弄懂全篇的主旨，背景和素材。记住必须做到一句一句地读，在读的过程中可以把初步确定的错误标出来。2分句阅读，逐句纠错在此过程中，考生一定要细心，要根据上表中的考点方向去发现错误，可以先易后难。3重读文章，仔细推敲最后要将改正后的短文再仔细阅读一遍，看词法、句法及行文逻辑是否合理恰当，如有不适及时纠正。真题导练A(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. Fir
2、st, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One
3、was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.1.形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。故应将job改成jobs。2系动词look后跟形容词作表语。故应将coolly改成cool。3“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth grade或in Grade Five。故应将five改成fifth。4此处表示“我非
4、常喜欢我的英语老师”。too much表示“太多”，而very/so much表示“非常”，故应将too改成very/so。5“在高中”的表达应为in/at high school。故应在high前加in/at。6reconsidered和decided这两个动作是递进关系，故应将or改为and。7此处是There_be固定句型。故应将They改为There。8ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到的”，ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故应将amazing改为amazed。9本句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰，表示程度，mor
5、e在本句中为多余成分，故应将其去掉。10此处是叙述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故应将is改为was。B(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I
6、 went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to
7、 return for every two years, but he agreed.1.此处特指去的是乡下，故应在countryside前加the。2根据第一句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故应将find改成found。3根据句意“他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。”可知，应将another改成other。4根据句意“去年冬天，我又一次去了那里。”可知，应将here改成there。5根据前文的“dozens of”可知，其后用名词复数形式。故应将chicken改为chickens。6此处a_small_pond是先
8、行词，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语成分，故应用in_which或where来引导从句。7介词by后应用动名词形式，故将sell改为selling。8系动词feel后应用形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。9时间名词有every, each, last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故应去掉for。10根据语意“我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。”可知，此处是并列关系，故应将but改成and。C(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown no
9、t only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musi
10、cal instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.1.realize是及物动词，故应去掉of。2由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响，因此应用现在完成时。故将h
11、ad改为have。3not only . but_also . “不但而且”，为固定搭配。故将and改为but。4photo与take之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故将took改为taken。5“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，所以应将become改为became。6上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用the表特指，或者用this。故在picture前加这个词。7things后为定语从句，修饰先行词things，且关系词在从句中作主语成分，所以应用关系代词来引导从句。故将they改为that/which。8名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，故应将differ
12、ence改为different。9此处表示收集“最新”的音乐专辑，故将late改为latest。10全文以第一人称介绍了作者的故事，故应将your改为my。第1讲词法类词法类错误在短文改错中所占比例很大，我们建议考生在解题流程的第1、2步中去解决此类问题，对于此类错误，考生要学会分析句子成分，注意平时积累，强化语言基础。考点动词类错误1(2019全国卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.答案saysaying2(2019全国卷)Now m
13、y dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 答案requiredrequires 3(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoon, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.答案watchingwatch; 去掉let前的to4(2017全国卷)I thought I had l
14、earned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.答案goeswent5(2016全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.答案chosechoose1辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。2识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时，或前后都是过去时却用了现在时，导致时态不一致。在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and, or等后的动词与前
15、面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去式或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。6对于非谓语动词(1)理清to的两种命题方式多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。(2)搞清动词
16、ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。考点名词类错误1(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.答案citycities2(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.答案FridaysFriday3(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some
17、 useful informations from the Internet.答案informationsinformation4(2016全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.答案honesthonesty(1)熟知单复数使用情况：单数概念和不可数名词用单数；表示复数意义的可数名词用复数。(2)牢记常见的不可数名词。(3)三类词后常用名词：冠词后；介词后；形容词性物主代词后。考点形容词和副词类错误1(2019全国卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to
18、the playground.答案hardlyhard2(2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.答案ordinarilyordinary 3(2018全国卷)Immediate, I raised my hand.答案ImmediateImmediately4(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.答案worseworst1明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2理清比较级、最高级
19、的误用(1)原级和比较级混用。(2)比较级和最高级混用。(3)在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。(4)在没有最高级的词前误加most。3关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地、猛烈地”，而hardly意为“几乎不、几乎没有”；beside意为“在旁边”，besides意为“另外”。4重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。考点冠词类错误1(2019全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.答案ana2(2
20、017全国卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 答案第一个aan/one3(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.答案thea(1)a和an，表达数量，或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面
21、要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词、或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点介词类错误1(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.答案forwith2(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案onof3(2019河南汝州市实验中学高三检测)They said it was dif
22、ficult of them to judge because how the accident happened was not clear. 答案offor(1)注意介词多余，关注介词遗漏：及物动词后直接跟宾语无需加介词，不及物动词后需加介词再加宾语；this/that/these/those/last/next/every等词构成的时间短语，前面不用介词；作定语的不定式中的动词如果为不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。(2)牢记习惯用法，区别相似介词：固定搭配或习惯用法以及相似介词的区别常是介词考查的设题点，这需要平时做题中多多积累。考
23、点数词类错误1(2019全国卷)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher . 答案fivefifth2(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.答案eighteeneighteenth1识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。2注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某
24、人几十岁时”用“in ones逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the逢十的基数词复数”。过关检测(限时：20分钟)(2019广西钦州市高三第三次质检)Today I was going home by bike where a little dog ran to me. I stopped in time avoid hitting the dog. Luckily, it was not injuring, but lay on the ground. I came nearer and touched its side gently. It jumped to its
25、foot quickly and stared at me friendly. Seeing nothing seriously, I was about to leave, but the dog stops me by biting my trousers. So I wanted to adopt to the dog but it was unfair to its master, just then, the woman came, saying the dog was her and that I could take it away as she had some many do
26、gs at home. Thus I got a lovely pet.答案：Today I was going home by bike a little dog ran to me. I stopped in time avoid hitting the dog. Luckily, it was not ， but lay on the ground. I came nearer and touched its side gently. It jumped to its quickly and stared at me friendly. Seeing nothing ， I was ab
27、out to leave, but the dog me by biting my trousers. So I wanted to adopt the dog but it was unfair to its master, just then, woman came, saying the dog was and that I could take it away as she had some dogs at home. Thus I got a lovely pet.(2019湖北七市高三联考)I have met many teachers since I begin my scho
28、oling. Of all my teachers, Mrs Green is the one who impresses me most. Though she is 50, she looks very young at her age. Comparing with other teachers, Mrs Green pays more attention to her way of teaching. She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly. In her opinion, we will no
29、t only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us answer immediately, she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions. With her help, we have learned how to analyze and settled problems. What the amazing world of “why” she leads us! She is such a l
30、earned person that we all admire him very much.答案：I have met many teachers since I my schooling. Of all my teachers, Mrs Green is the one who impresses me most. Though she is 50, she looks very young her age. with other teachers, Mrs Green pays more attention to her way of teaching. She tries variou
31、s ways to make her class lively and . In her opinion, we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us immediately, she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions. With her help, we have learned how to analyze and problems. What amazing world of “why” she leads us ！ She is such a learned person that we all admire very muc
