1、江苏专用高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题习题含答案第四讲 词义猜测题一、题型解读词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解题中一种常见的题型。通过对近几年江苏高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可以看出，词义猜测题一般有12题。常见的考查方式有：词义猜测题考点1猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题考点3猜测指代题考点4猜测句意题二、设问方式词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义，常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second
2、paragraph means “_”.Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “hunch” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_”.What does the phrase “knock off” in Paragraph 1 mean?The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “_”.
3、The word “it” in the last sentence refers to “_”.三、常见生词类型在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义，如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course，where the nations most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course
4、在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景；5.超纲生词。 典例(2017全国卷阅读C)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United St
5、ates，but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around.29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragr-aph 2 mean?A.Teste
6、d. B.Separated.C.Forced out. D.Tracked down.答案C词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。【技巧点拨】如何解决词义猜测题？1.根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。2.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个
7、事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。3.通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。(1)不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；(2)不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。典例(2017江苏高考阅读B)Before b
8、irth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost.As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach t
9、heir young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_”.A.be the worst B.be the bestC.be just as bad D.be just as good答案B本段一开始提到婴儿在辨别母亲的声音方面能力非常强，然后用了一个转折连词“But”，说明其后的内容“鸟
10、类在胎教方面”应该是做得最好。故选B。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测短语题？猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。典例(2017全国卷阅读C)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and
11、 Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations，though，in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with
12、younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history and culture.29.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming
13、 more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.答案C代词指代题。根据前文Despite the celebrations，though，in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generati
14、ons可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合Its Jason Morans job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测指代题？此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思，问题才能迎刃
15、而解。典例(2017江苏高考阅读D)When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There_i
16、s_no_one-size_fits_all_adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies_.A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation
17、to climate change is challenging答案A根据上文中的“We are therefore.but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.”可知，对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。本题采取的是重述的方法。故选A。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜测句意题？此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完
18、全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。题组一应用文A(2018全国卷)Washington, D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about th
19、e trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and
20、 memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike, helmet，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looki
21、ng to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Cap
22、ital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your
23、 guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B.Washington Capit
24、al Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.答案A细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous peop
25、le.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.答案D细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides.memorials，and parks”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safety lights.答案D细节理解题。第四条旅
26、行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。B(2018苏北四市高三第一次调研)The Chocolate MuseumThe story of chocolate through the ages Experience chocolate-making from cocoa bean to chocolate bar Enjoy the smell，taste and texture of freshly made
27、 chocolateOpening hoursTuesFri10 am to 6 pmSat&Sunpublic holidays 11 am to 7 pmClosed on Mondays，Christmas Day and during Carnival week.Entrance feesAdults $6.00Concessions (over 65 years old) $3.00Groups (of 15 people or more) $5.00More than a museum！The Panorama Restaurant can cater for all your c
28、orporate events: business lunches，anniversaries，weddings and parties.Groups of 30300 people are welcome.Welcome To Auckland Museum“Nau mai haere mai”Auckland Museum has a constantly changing feast of fresh events and new exhibitions reflecting the culture of New Zealand.This year is no exception.Cli
29、ck here to find out more Latest newsBe inspired by the da Vinci Machines exhibition and design and build your own original flying machine.The best entry will win the budding inventor a helicopter ride over Auckland for a family of four.Avoid the traffic，enjoy hassle-free parking and view the exhibit
30、s in peace and quiet on Wednesday evenings! Open till 7：30 pm.From 28 November until 4 March there will be no public access to the Reading Room.Click here to find out more Museum opening hours10 am5 pm daily (except Christmas Day)4.If 16 adults，including 3 aged 70，plan to visit the Chocolate Museum，
31、how much should they pay at least?A.$69. B.$78.C.$80. D.$87.答案B数字计算题。根据第一小篇Entrance fees中的信息可知，成年人$6/位，大于65岁的人优惠价$3/位，大于等于15人以上的团队$5/位，题中可知为16人团队且有3名大于65岁的人，则为满足15人团队的15名成员*团队价$5剩下的一名大于65岁者*优惠价$378元。故选B。5.According to the information of Auckland Museum，we know that _.A.it opens from 10 am to 5 pm every dayB.it has a feast of fresh events except this yearC.the winner will fly a helicopter as a rewardD.the museum focuses on New Zealands culture答案D根据第二小篇，由最后一句括号中except Christmas Day排除A，由第一段最后一句This ye
