1、高考英语 说明文类阅读理解模拟训练说明文阅读理解模拟训练AWhy do mosquitoes buzz (嗡嗡叫) in your ears? They cant help it. Mosquitoes wings make that annoying buzz whenever they fly.Both male and female mosquitoes buzz, but you probably wont notice the noise of the males, because they dont desire your blood. They stay away from yo
2、ur ears, eating nectar (花蜜), while the females come to annoy you.Scientists have discovered that buzzing is to help mosquitoes find suitable mates.Since female mosquitoes are larger, they move their wings more slowly. Males can recognize the distinctive pitch (音高) of the females buzz. Louis M. Roth,
3、 who studied yellow fever mosquitoes for the US Army during World War II, noticed that males ignored females whenever the females were quietly resting, but when the females were flying, and therefore buzzing, the males wanted to mate (交配) with them. The males even reacted to recordings of female mos
4、quitoes.Scientists discovered what made the sound. Its not actually caused by the wings flapping. Theres an organ at the base of the wings that makes the sound when the wings move.It wasnt until more recently that researchers Gabriella Gibson and Ian Russell discovered that mosquitoes actually chang
5、e their buzz to “sing” to each other before they mate. When males and females fly nearby, they change the pitch of their buzz to match each other, and if they match well enough, they mate.As scientists learn more about why mosquitoes buzz, they can possibly keep them from mating. Fewer mosquitoes me
6、an fewer mosquito bites, and fewer diseases being spread. Researcher Lauren Cator suggests that if scientists can make sterile (不生育的) male mosquitoes who “sing” to females just as well as fertile males, the females will choose the sterile males, and wont produce fertile eggs.There are also some myth
7、s about the mosquitoes you hear buzzing in your ears.Some people say that mosquitoes that buzz, dont bite. Indeed, as long as theyre buzzing, theyre flying, so they wont bite you. But once they land, look out.1. According to the text, people seldom recognize male mosquitoes when they buzz because _.
8、A. their buzz is too low to be noticedB. they dont buzz when they biteC. they avoid humans and feed on nectarD. they prefer to stay in the dark2. What did Louis M. Roth discover from his research?A. Male mosquitoes move their wings slower.B. Quiet female mosquitoes are more attractive to males.C. A
9、mosquitos wing beat is responsible for its buzz.D. Male mosquitoes are attracted by a females buzz.3. Before mosquitoes mate, they _.A. buzz in high pitch to each other B. change and match their buzzC. dance with each other in mid air D. fly in opposite directions4. Lauren Cator hopes the research o
10、n the buzz of mosquitoes can help people _.A. cure some deadly diseasesB. control the mosquito populationC. tell different mosquito species apartD. change the way mosquitoes communicateBThe people of Chicago, Illinois, US, can thank three canals every time they drink a glass of clean water today. Th
11、e building of the Illinois-Michigan Canal, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal and the Cal-Sag Canal all helped the Chicago River start flowing in a different direction in 1892.Since their construction over a century ago, these waterways have connected Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river network
12、 and ensured a regular flow of fresh water to Chicago.However, some unusual and unfortunate side effects have also been created because of their construction. Asian carp (鲤鱼), also known as silver or flying carp, are threatened in their native habitat in the Chinese Heilongjiang, Yangtze, and Pearl
13、River basins. But they have become increasingly successful at filling the Mississippi river network since first being introduced into Arkansas catfish farms in the 1970s to control algae (水藻). By swimming into the canals and spreading further across the country, there are now major fears that this i
14、ntroduced species may be able to access Lake Michigan and the wider Great Lakes - which store an incredible 21 percent of the entire worlds fresh water.“The actual impact of Asian carp on the Great Lakes has yet to be explained clearly, and we think this uncertainty is part of the reason why they ar
15、e such an obvious issue,” says Dr Cory Suski, Associate Professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois. He points out that adult Asian carp are too large to be hunted by anything locally, that they have a “prolific (多产的)” reproduction rate,
16、and they can steal food from the other native species in the rivers. “Could they survive in the Great Lakes or is there not enough food for them?” he asks.Stopping the fish from spreading has therefore become a key concern for local lawmakers, who have undertaken efforts such as building electric fe
17、nces (护栏) in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. However, any big efforts to stop the carp such as allowing the Chicago River to once again flow in its original direction would in turn threaten the security of the citys water supply, replacing one big problem with another.5. According to the text,
18、the construction of the three canals _.A. changed the direction of the Mississippi riverB. brought fresh water to the people of ChicagoC. lasted for almost a century because of huge costD. has been the largest construction project in US history6. According to the text, Asian carps _.A. have nearly b
19、ecome extinct in Chinese riversB. have occupied large areas in the Great LakesC. were introduced to the US to fight against algae pollutionD. are likely to pollute the fresh water in the Great Lakes7. What is the major concern of Asian carp in the US?A. Its large size and fast reproduction rate.B. T
20、he food shortage facing the species.C. Its threat to the Great Lakes ecosystem.D. Its natural enemies in the local areas.8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. US Law makers knew little of the threat posed by Asian carp.B. Electric fences might not be enough to stop the spread of Asian carp
21、.C. The Chicago River has changed its flowing direction many times.D. People in Chicago will soon face a serious water supply shortage.CStill adjusting to life in the big city? Your mobile phone operator might soon be able to tell.An analysis of a more than 698 million calls made from Shanghai in on
22、e month has helped show where people live, who they meet and their movements when they first arrive in a new city.Although the data didnt contain names and addresses, it did suggest whether mobile users were locals or migrants to the city. Other biological information was included, such as sex and a
23、ge. Some 22,000 “new migrants” were described as those who were born outside Shanghai and who did not have call logs in the first week of the month, while one million “settled migrants” had at least one call in that time period. There were 1.7 million locals.The data covered September 2016, but show
24、ed who called whom and roughly where in the city people went, thanks to information on the cell towers they connected to.Chenhao Tan at the University of Washington in the US, who worked on the project with colleagues at Zhejiang University, says he was expecting the data to show migrants gradually
25、behaving more and more like locals as they spent time in Shanghai.“Thats actually not the case, they remain quite different from locals,” he says. For instance, the migrants stayed in contact with multiple people who shared their place of birth.They also spent more time in the center of the city. Ho
26、wever, migrants did become more like locals in some ways such as average call length and the distance they traveled. The settled migrants and locals groups were also more likely than newcomers to receive calls back from people they contacted.“The real value in this work is in the potential of tellin
27、g us the rate of change in how a community combines over time,” said Rex Douglass at the University of California, San Diego, US.“Cellphone data provide an opportunity to show how these ties grow or disappear over time in a way that type of people or survey data have a hard time showing.”Such mobile
28、 phone data sets have been used in other situations for example to model the potential spread of the Ebola sickness in West Africa.However, the use of mass telecoms metadata is controversial, because it is quite simple to tie a persons identity to a random private telephone number. Groups that fight
29、 for the rights of people have long worried that despite not including names or the content of calls, such data can show private things about peoples lives.Tan says that such findings might actually help governments or charity organizations assist migrants. “Governments may be able to more effective
30、ly deliver information on potential benefits,” he says.9. What is Chenhao Tans research mainly about?A. Methods that help migrants get used to life in a new city.B. Data collection of mobile users and protection of user privacy.C. Connections between cell phone data and migrants lifestyles.D. Benefi
31、ts of mobile communication for people living in urban areas.10. According to the research, the settled migrants _.A. dont like to go downtown in their free timeB. have no call logs in the first month of their arrivalC. tend to call less and travel a shorter distance than localsD. keep in close conta
32、ct with other migrants from their hometown11. What does Rex Douglass think of cell phone data?A. It is more reliable than other types of survey data.B. It informs people of the changes to urban communities.C. It includes lots of private information and should not be used in studies.D. It can help governments gather the biological information of migrants.DA strange and poorly understood “fire monument” thats 5,300 years old has been found in England at least
