1、英语时间状语从句英语时间状语从句 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when when用作并列连词（正在那时，突然） We were about to start when it began to rain. I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door. on the point of doingwhen did had just done when (2) as as与延续性动词连用，侧重两个动作伴随发生,其时态一致： As he grew older he lost interest in everything except g
2、ardening. We were having breakfast as she _ ( watch )TV. (3) while while “在期间”，与延续性动词连用，和主句的动作同时发生，常用三种时态。 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, buses went by in the opposite direction. 2. While in prison, he wrote his first novel. 3. Shoes were mended while you waited. (4) before before“在之前” I ha
3、d finished my papers before my teacher went abroad. before “过时间之后才”, 注意使用 _和_时态。 They worked long hours before everything returned to normal. 恢复正常 It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 还没来得及 The bell rang off before I could answer it. (5) as soon as “一 就 .”， directly，immediately，i
4、nstantly；the instant (that)，the minute (that) ，the second (that) ，the moment (that)等通常都可与as soon as换用。 I recognized her immediately I saw her. (6) hardly.when / no sooner. than “刚就”，从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。注意倒装。 He had no sooner / No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. We had hardly begu
5、n / Hardly had we begun our talk when it began to rain. (7) since 从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成 (进行) 时. Weve never met since we graduated from the college. What have you been doing since I met you last time? It has been / is 3 years since he came back. 练习：It was evening _ he came back. It was in the evening _
6、he came back. (8) till / until “直到时(为止)”，till 不放在句首，until多用于句首。动词的延续性问题 Tom will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph. D course. 肯定句 I wont go with you until (till) I finish my homework. 否定句 Not until I failed in the exam did I realize I should study hard. 倒装 It was not until I failed i
7、n the exam that I realized I should study hard. 在强调句中的倒装问题 (9) whenever / each time / every time / any time “每当；每次”，可以换用。 Whenever / Every time / Each time I met her, she was studying. (10) by the time 与完成时连用 By the time (that) this letter reaches you, I will have left the country. By the time he wa
8、s 10, he had learned 10000 words. By the time you get this letter, I will be in Canada. ( Longman ) be动词可不用完成时 注意：By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records. (11) next time, the first time Next time you see me, I will have lost 10 pounds. The first time I met you, I knew we would be friends.
9、 比较：That / It / This is the first time (that) I have been to London. For the first time 仅用作状语 (12) After Well arrive after you have left. 2. 地点状语从句 (1) where Where there is a will, there is a way. 含有条件意味 I found my books where I had left them. 注意：where除指具体地点外，还可表处境等抽象意义。 He said he was happy where h
10、e was. 处境很满意 Its your fault that she is where she is. 她落到今天这个地步都怪你。 (2) wherever = everywhere, anywhere Wherever ( Everywhere / Anywhere ) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. Make a mark wherever you have any questions. 区别与其引导定语从句 Bamboos grow best in the south where its wet and rainy. 3. 原
11、因状语从句 (1) because because表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句。用于回答why问句，语气最强。强调句中用because。被simply, just, only修饰时用because。 I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it. Just because I dont complain, people think Im satisfied. It was because his mother was ill that he didnt come to school. 小结：because 1 ._ 2._
12、3._4._ (2) as 因为，由于 As you were out, I left a message. (3) since 通常是双方已知信息，从句多位于主句之前。 Since you wont help me，Ill ask someone else. (4) now (that) “因为, 既然, 由于”，通常可以和since换用。 其中that可省去，原因往往是已变化的情况。 Now (that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own. I do remember，now (that) you mention it. 你这
13、一提，我倒的确想起来了。 (5) when 既然，从句必须在后 How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen? Why do you want a new job when you have got a good one already? (6) seeing (that) ；considering（that）；Given that “鉴于；由于；考虑到” Seeing (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home. Considering hes only just star
14、ted, he knows quite a lot about it. It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much. (7) for 并列连词，不用于句首，对前面内容加以推断或解释 I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. Its morning now, for the birds are singing. 4. 目的状语从句 须与情态动词连用 (1) in order that
15、 “为了；以便” 通常可以与so that换用。 The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak (山峰) early. (2) so (that) ; so that “为了；以便”。从句总是放在主句之后，so可视为so that的省略形式。 She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. She stayed a
16、t home for a few days so that she might / could take care of his mother. (3) in case / for fear (that) 表示否定目的, “以免”,“以防”。 He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. Better take more clothes in case it rains. You probably wont need to call, but take my number, just in case. 5. 结果状语从句 s
17、o that 从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。 Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wander if he was dead. “so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。主要根据句意来判断；其次根据从句中的情态动词。 They started out early, so that they didnt miss the trai
18、n. _ / they would not . _ (2) so + adj. / adv. .that “如此以致于”， She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 倒装: So frightened was he that he couldnt say a word. (3) such.that such后可跟任何名词。 Such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句 = so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。 The Japanese student made such rapid prog
19、ress that he soon began to write article in Chinese. The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed _ (4) such that 多用于正式文体，主句为“主系表”句型。 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair. 倒装：Such is the beauty of the
20、 Great wall that it is still a favorite of foreigners. 转换：_ (5) 特殊情况 so many / much / few / little that There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 辨析：It so happened that I couldnt attend the meeting. 翻译：_ 6. 条件状语从句 (1) if 虚拟语气仅用if引导。 You would know what was going on if you
21、had listened. 辨别：I dont know if he is in the lab now. (2) unless 在意义上相当于if.not，语气较强，翻译为“除非否则”。 Youll be late unless you hurry. (3) if only但愿，要是就好了.表示愿望或未实现条件 If only it would stop raining. If only I knew her name. If only I had gone by taxi. (4) Only if = only on condition that “只要；如果”。 注意倒装 Only if
22、 the green light comes on are people allowed to cross the road. (5) as / so long as 只要 You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. (6) provided (that) / providing (that) 常接有利条件, “如果；只要”。 Well buy everything you produce, provided of course the price is right. Providing you promise not to
23、 tell anyone else Ill explain the secret. (7) under the condition that / on condition that 前提是 They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt quickly. (8) Suppose / Supposing ( that) 常接有根据的假设 Supposing (tha
24、t) you are wrong, what will you do then? Suppose it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (9) The more. (条件), the more (结果) 注意语序 - “When should I ask him?” - “The sooner the better.” The higher you stand, the farther you will see. (10) As / So far as仅限用于以下句型 As far as I know, Betty won the first prize.
25、As far as I am concerned, As far as I can see ( it ; them ), (11) 连词once （一旦） We dont know what to do next once the money has gone. 7. 让步状语从句 (1) although / though可与副词yet, still等副词连用但不与连词but连用； though可用作副词用于句末, “然而，可是” Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
26、He said he would come; he didnt, though. though可以前置部分内容, 参见倒装 (2) even if “即使，纵然”，表示尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。 Even if it rains tomorrow，we wont change our plan. (3) even though “虽然，尽管”，常表示已经发生的动作或存在的情况。 Even though I didnt understand a word，I kept smiling. I like her even though she can be annoying. (4) When虽然
27、, 然而, 从句在后 He walks when he might take a taxi. (5) while 从句在句首，“虽然，尽管” While I understand your point of view，I do not share it. While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well. (6) whether . or “无论 还是 ” Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we are playing football on Saturday. Whethe
28、r he will succeed or fail, it doesnt matter much to me. (7) as As在引导让步状语从句时必须前置部分内容，动词提前时从句要加情态动词may / might / can / could / will / would或助动词do / does / did Try as he might, he couldnt open the door. Happy as they were, there was something missing. Much as I admire his courage，I dont think he acted
29、wisely. Lose money as he did, he got a lot of experience. 注意：Child as (though) he is, he knows a lot. (8) however无论以何种方式，不管怎样 You can travel however you like. (9) 疑问词 + ever = No matter + 疑问词仅引导状语从句 Whatever / No matter what he says，dont go. Whenever Im unhappy，he cheers me up. She leaves her bedroo
30、m window open, however cold it is. 8. 方式状语从句 (1) As “以方式；如同那样”，从句有时是省略句。 Leave the papers as they are. You may do as you please. as it is, as they are照现状看，看样子 We were hoping to have a holiday next week- as it is, we may not be able to get away. (2) as if / as though “好像，仿佛” 常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。as if比as t
31、hough更为常用。 He behaved as if nothing had happened. The old man runs very fast as if he was a young man. (3) Like = as if / as though ；Like = as She acts like she owns the place. No one sings the blues like she does. Like I said you are always welcome to stay. 9. 比较状语从句 (1) as . as 表示同级比较，中间用形容词或副词的原级，从句常为省略句。 I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). He didnt do as much as he had promised. 程度 so . as仅用于否定句。 Its not so hard as I thought. (2) than用形容词或副词的比较级形式，从句常常为省略句。 He has lived here longer than I (has lived). It was much better than I had expected
