1、高考英语京津鲁琼版二轮复习典型例题分层突破讲义专题三 完形填空 第二讲 技法篇 含答案第二讲技法篇完形填空主要考查考生在理解整篇文章的基础上具体运用语法知识和词语的能力，那么它的重点一定是放在对整篇文章的逻辑和结构的理解上，更多地考查考生把握文章的脉络以及分析上下文逻辑的能力，即根据上下文的已知信息来确定答案。但有些考生在做题时，往往会犯以下三种错误：1中式思维忽略英语文章的行文逻辑以及英语国家的语言习惯和文化常识。2主观臆断不从语境中寻找答案，而是凭自己的主观臆断去选择答案。3匆忙作答边看文章边选答案，看似很节省时间，但会造成“一错再错，连续犯错”的恶果。考生做完形填空题，最根本的方法是在全
2、面理解文章大意的基础上，综合运用语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维进行解题。技法一通读全文明确大意，细研首句把握全篇完形填空的命题原则是“选项语境化，试题语篇化”，由此可知，答案就隐含在上下文语境之中。所以，要正确解答完形填空的题目，首先要通读文章，准确把握文章大意。利用首句明大意完形填空一般不在首句设题，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景信息。记叙文的首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，因此不可忽视文章的首句。典例(2018全国卷)During my second year at the c
3、ity college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom53A.game BpresentationCcourse Dexperiment解析C本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句
4、子。据此可知，作者是一个大学二年级的学生，听说教育系有一个“免费的”课程，可以得三个学分。文章的首句将作者身份、故事的背景、地点和主要内容完全交代出来。根据这些信息可知，下文应该是讲述作者积极参加这个课程，并受益良多的故事。故选course“课程”。利用主题段、主题句明大意要理解文章的主旨大意，除了可以通过研究首句信息之外，还可以利用文章的主题段、主题句或者文体特征来把握文章大意。一般来说，主题段和主题句都出现在文章或者段落的开头。典例(2018全国卷)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown pe
5、rson, we usually say “sorry，_41_ number！” and move on.On March 19, Dennis got a group text _44_ him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital.“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis _46_.but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis.Much to the famil
6、ys surprise, Dennis stuck to his _52_！ He turned up at the hospital 53.bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindseys husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit.41A.unlucky BsecretCnew Dwrong44A.convincing BremindingCinforming Dwarning46A.responded Binterrupted Cp
7、redicted Drepeated52A.dream BpromiseCagenda Dprinciple解析41.D44.C46.A52.B本篇完形填空首句提供的信息相对较少，不足以把握文章大意，但文章从第二段开始叙事，因此抓住每段的前一两句话就可以把握住文章大意。根据以上节选的内容，我们可以了解到，有一家人在孩子即将出生之际，向亲人群发了一个告知消息，误发给了陌生人Dennis。Dennis虽然不认识他们，但还是去医院看望了他们，并和孩子留影，照片被孩子的奶奶上传到网上，得到了非常多的点赞和转发。根据文章大意可知，第41题应选择wrong“错误的”；第44题应选择informing“告知
8、”；第46题应选择responded“回复”；第52题应选择promise“诺言”。技法二思前想后通全文，上下求索准呼应完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意瞻前顾后，通读上下文，切忌自以为是。许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、反义复现和代词复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。原词复现典例(2019全国卷)They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the towns central _31_，
9、 creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 32.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.Ro says, The town square was totally 35.full.31A.library BhallCsquare Dstreet解析C根据下一段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。同义复现典例(2017全国卷)While high school does not generally encourage st
10、udents to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this _41_ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语)41A.searching BplanningCnatural Dformal解析A根据上文中“While
11、 high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”，均不符合语境。反义复现典例(2017全国卷)I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull, most of the _50_ things they do through
12、out their lives will be verbs.50A.simple BuniqueCfun Dclever解析C由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。simple“简单的”；unique“独特的”；clever“聪明的”，均不符合语境。代词复现典例(全国卷)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56.backed_off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the _57_ if he was needed or 58.free
13、 to go. They let him and the other man go.57A.woman BpoliceCman Ddriver解析B发生了交通事故，警察应该到场，且下文“They let him and the other man go.”中的“They”指代本空，故选B。技法三句际关系定衔接，逻辑理解摸脉络完形填空所选短文通常都是前后连贯、结构严密的文章，脉络自然有序，充分体现了“突出语篇、强调运用”的高考命题指导思想。对语篇逻辑的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查内容之一，这就要求考生不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配，更要从整体上把握文章的结构和脉络。因此，借助语篇标志、理解逻辑关系，
14、有助于快速准确地找出正确答案。转折关系典例1(2019全国卷)The 3，500 residents cannot all 36.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. _37_， the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 38.sunstarved residents.37A.Instead BHoweverCGradually DSimilarly解析B根据语境可知，此处表示转折，应用However。典例2(2019全国卷)“Of course, we 22.notice it when
15、 the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “We see the sky is _23_， but down in the valley its darkerits like on a 24.cloudy day.”23A.empty BblueChigh Dwide解析B天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的，犹如阴天一般。根据句中的“but”可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。因果关系典例(2019北京卷)Tina Stern 17
16、.received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18.transportation. “Its not just a ride；youre not just sitting there in 19.awkward silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually 20.remembers the
17、answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell _21_ those things.”21A.act on Bsettle onCcheck on Dagree on解析C前文提到学生坐他的车时他与学生之间的问和答，这里说下次乘车的时候，威尔逊还会核实那些事情，用check on表示“核实，检查”。act on“按照行事”，settle on“选定”，agree on“就达成一致意见”，均不符合语境。并列关系典例(2019全国卷)Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog. So, f
18、our days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove _46_. After a long and careful 47.search,_Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48.cautiously away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy. It just started licking(舔) Ehl
19、ers face.46A.home BpastCback Don解析C由句中的and可知，此题可以根据并列关系解题。根据本段的第一句“Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后，他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。技法四设身处地揣情绪完形填空往往选取具有浓厚教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文、夹叙夹议文，讲述作者所见所闻的某个人或某一个群体经历的某件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情。因此，考生在解答完形填空时，如果置身事外、见题解题，则既不能体会试卷的
20、教育意义，也容易因“置身事外，不解其中真情”而出错；而将自身代入其中，与主人公一起悲喜，则容易深刻体会其中含义，选对答案。典例(2017全国卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets. American Sign Language(美式手语)The 46.story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their t
21、ranslation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past. This newness just left me 51.wanting more.After that, feeling the need to _52_ further, I decided to drop
22、in on one of ASL Clubs meetings. I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.52A.exercise BexploreCexpress Dexplain解析B利用文章发展脉络解题。设身处地的揣摩作者的情绪，寻找答案。所
23、节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周“我”观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演“我”被表演所吸引“我”想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识“我”参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络及作者思想情绪的变化可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故选B项。技法五褒贬语境判曲直每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用文章内容的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出答案。典例(2019全国卷)“I figured whoever lost the dog was pr
24、obably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”60A.suitable BproudCwise Dwilling解析D 利用感情色彩分析解题。根据“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs”可知，Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗
25、，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be close to)它，因此可知Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去给予帮助。技法六生活常识巧利用生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。能根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。考生在把握全文大意的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。很多时候，完形填空的题目会涉及风俗习惯、文化、历史等方面的生活常识，这时考生需要联系相关常识进行解题，从而选出符合语境的最佳答案。典例(2019全国卷)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50.adver
26、tised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.52A.called BcopiedCcounted Dremembered解析A利用生活常识解题。根据前面的“The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan.”可知，既然寻狗启事上
27、有电话号码，故Ehlers应是打电话 (call)告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。技法七排除技巧别忘记做完形填空题时，当你用尽了几乎所有的办法都不能找出答案时，还有一个办法，那就是排除法。将选项分别代入原文进行判断，只要所选选项在句意、词语搭配、褒贬词性、上下文文风等方面有一方面不符合，就可以判断该选项不符合该空，从而排除。典例(2018浙江卷6月)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it _36_ to have too much time?36A.trueBfairCstrang
28、eDpossible解析D分析可知，句意为“我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但拥有大把的时间是可能(possible)的吗”？将四个选项分别代入原文，可知D项符合语境。(2019全国卷)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _41_ with them lots of waste. The _42_ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearin
29、g, changing the _43_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _44_ about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _45_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _46_ among tons of rubbish. I find a _47_ mountain, with toilets at cam
30、ps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _48_ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _49_The best of a Kilimanjaro _50_， in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _51_ as spiritual places by many cultures. This _52_ is especially evident on
31、Kilimanjaro as _53_ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, _54_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _55_low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I _56_ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland
