1、必修四unit2词汇讲解核心词汇第一部分：1. confuse 英knfju:z动词, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”, “搞乱; 混淆”。例句：It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 用法：1）My Chinese and English books are confused together. 我的中英文的书籍混在一起了。Please dont confuse Australia with Austria. 别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。2）confusion n. 混乱; 慌乱; 混淆
2、Theres stillconfusionabout the number ofcasualties.c:iknowdocsharedatacur_work;伤亡人数依然不明。Wealwayslefthisofficeinastateofconfusion.我们总是一头雾水地离开他的办公室。Omissionsinmyrecentarticlemusthavecausedconfusion.我最近一篇文章中的几处省略肯定造成了困惑。3）confusing和confused辨析:这两个词都是由confuse转化而来的形容词。confusing意思是“莫名其妙的; 难以理解的(difficult t
3、o understand; puzzling)”, 强调事物本身所具有的性质; confused意思是“糊涂的; 迷乱的(unable to think clearly)”, 强调人对某事物的感受。Thestatementishighlyconfusing.这一声明十分费解。Theuncertaintycreatedbythissituationmustbeconfusingforyou.这种局面所造成的不确定性肯定让你感到困惑。AmIconfusingathoughtorfantasywithafact?我是否混淆了想法（或幻觉）和事实？练习：英译汉They asked me so many
4、 questions that they confused me. 他们问我那么多问题把我都弄糊涂了He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念头弄糊涂了。2. Regret rgret例句：His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. 用法:1）作动词, 意为“为感到遗憾; 后悔; 惋惜”。如：I didnt regret the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。 I regret to say that we can
5、t stay here any longer. 我很遗憾, 我们不能再在这儿多呆了。 She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。2）名词, 意为“遗憾; 后悔”。 I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。 3) regret to do sth 表示“遗憾地要”，后面的动词常是say, tell, speak, inform等; regret doing sth 表示“后悔做过”; to ones regret 令人遗憾的是Iregr
6、ettoinformyouhediedasaconsequenceofhisinjuries.我很遗憾地通知你，他因伤势太重不治身亡。Fiveyearslatersheregretshavinggivenupherhome.5年后她对当初放弃自己的家感到后悔。IhavenoregretforwhateverIhavedone.我对我所做的绝不后悔。练习：英译汉Iregretbeingsorudetoyoulasttime.我很后悔上次对你太无礼了。Now,Iregrethavingdonethat.我现在后悔那样做了。IregretthatIshouldhavespokensorudelyto
7、you.我悔不该对你讲话那么粗鲁。3. Build bld vt.建立;建造，构筑;开发;为建立基础vi.建造，营造;扩大，扩展;发展，达到n.体格，构造;俚优美的体型，肉体美例句：Developersarenowproposingtobuildahotelonthesite.开发商现在建议在这个地方盖一座宾馆。IftheTVwasbuiltintotheceiling,youcouldlietherewhilewatchingyourfavourite programme.如果把电视嵌入天花板，你就可以躺在那里欣赏你最喜欢的节目了。Heandapartnersetupontheirownan
8、dbuiltasuccessfulfashioncompany.他和同伴自己创业，创办了一家成功的时装公司用法：BuildThemoneytobuildthepowerstationoughttohavebeensufficient.建设电站的资金本该足够了。Theretheylearnttobuildhouses.在那里他们学会了盖房子。Letsassumeforthesakeofargumentthatwemanagetobuildasatisfactory database.为了便于讨论，不妨假定我们成功地建立了一个令人满意的数据库。BuildingWehaveachievedgreat
9、successesinthecauseofbuildingupourcountry.我们在建设我们国家的事业中取得了巨大的成就。Hesinbuilding.他是搞建筑的。Buildingmoremotorwaysandbypasseswillhelptheenvironmentbyreducing pollutionandtrafficjamsintownsandcities.建造更多的高速公路和绕城道路能够减少城镇中的污染和交通堵塞，有利于改善环境。build up增强; 建立; 开发 These chemicals in the food supply build up in people
10、s bodies over time.Hard working conditions build up character. 艰苦的工作条件能磨练人的性格。练习：英译汉Localcompaniesfindthesitesandbuildthethemeparks,whilewewilllookafterthe branding.各地的公司确定园址后进行主题公园的修建，而我们将负责品牌推广工作。Aswithanydrugtakeninexcess,yourbodycanbuildupatolerancetoit.和过量服用任何其他药物一样，身体会对它产生耐药性。Dr.JohnsonandIhav
11、ebeentryingtobuildhimupphysically.约翰逊医生和我一直试图增强他的体质。Iamdeterminedtobuildonthissolidfoundation.我决定在这个坚实的基础之上继续努力。4. lead to: li:d v导致; 造成vt.领导;引导;指挥vi.导致;领导;用水砣测深n.铅;领导;榜样;枪弹adj领头的;最重要的;领先的例句：Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.这些化学品中，许多都能导致癌症或者其他疾病。Hundredsofpeoplearesaidto
12、haveblockedamainhighwayleadingnorth.据称有数百人堵住了一条往北的主干公路。Hesleadinginthepresidentialrace.他在总统竞选中领先。用法：形容词TheAmericanandJapanesenaviestooktheleadinthedevelopmentofnaval aviation.美国和日本海军是发展海军航空部队的佼佼者。ViEthnictensionsamongtherepublicscouldleadtocivilwar.共和国之间紧张的种族关系可能会引发内战。VtHisabhorrenceofracismledhimto
13、writeTheAlgiersMotelIncident.对种族主义的憎恨促使他写了阿尔及尔汽车旅馆事件一书。Motherhadledmetobelievethenewbabywasakindofpresentforme.母亲让我相信新出生的宝宝是给我的一个礼物。Well,Ithinkthatleadsmetotherealpoint.这个嘛，我看这让我说到正题了。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。练习：英译汉Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。After
14、awhileIledtheconversationaroundtoherjob.过了一阵子，我把话题引到她的工作上。Sheledanormal,happylifewithhersisterandbrother.她和弟弟妹妹一起过着平凡而幸福的生活。5. Focus fks vt.& vi.（使）集中，（使）聚集;调整（镜头，眼睛）焦点焦距以便看清vt.调整（眼睛或者镜头的）焦距;集中（光束于）;聚焦，注视;集中注意力n.焦点;影象的清晰度;（活动、注意力、兴趣等的）中心;医病灶，病症例句：Theresearchefforthasfocusedontracingtheeffectsofgrowi
15、nglevelsoffive compounds.研究重点追踪了5种化合物含量上升的影响。TheUNsroleinpromotingpeaceisincreasinglythefocusofinternationalattention.联合国在促进和平方面的作用越来越受到国际社会的关注。Hesaidhissuddenfocusonforeignpolicywasnotmotivatedbypresidential politics.他说他突然关注外交政策并非受总统政治的驱使。用法:1)focus on: 集中(注意力, 精力等)于You should focus your attention
16、on your work.把注意力集中在你的工作上。 Olympus: Focus on life.奥林巴斯: 瞄准生活。2)n.Thisaggressionistherealissuetheworldshouldbeconcernedabout.Wewantto keepthatinfocus.这次侵略才是世界应该关注的真正问题。我们想继续保持关注。ThedeficitintheUSbalanceofpaymentsputtheseconsiderationsoutoffocus.美国的国际收支逆差使这些因素没有得到关注。focus from toMhasalsoshifteditsfocu
17、sfrommainframestopersonalcomputers.IBM公司也把重心从特大型机转向了个人电脑。练习：英译汉Thenewsystemisthefocusofcontroversy.这个新体制是争议的焦点。Herchildrenarethemainfocusofherlife.孩子们是她生活的重心。Thereportsfocusisonhowtechnologyaffectshumanliferatherthanbusiness.这个报告关注的是技术如何影响人类生活而非商业活动。6. reduce rdju:s v. 减少, 降低例句：Itreducestherisksofhe
18、artdisease.这降低了患心脏病的风险。Hewasreducedtobeggingforaliving.他不得不以乞讨为生。用法：1）动词Hiscommitmentstothestepchildrenwillnotreducehisobligationtohisnatural children.他对继子女的关爱和投入不会减少他对亲生孩子的责任。Thedesignofthebicyclehasmanagedtoreducetheeffectsofwindresistanceand drag.这种自行车的设计成功地减少了风的阻力和摩擦力。Wemustreducethedangerofwarb
19、ycontrollingnuclear,chemicaland conventionalarms.我们必须通过控制核武器、化学武器和常规武器的数量来减少战争的危险。2）ReducingRecyclingalsohelpscontrolenvironmentalpollutionbyreducingtheneedforwaste dumps.对废弃物的回收利用能够减少对垃圾场的需求，从而也有助于控制环境污染。Buildingmoremotorwaysandbypasseswillhelptheenvironmentbyreducing pollutionandtrafficjamsintowns
20、andcities.建造更多的高速公路和绕城道路能够减少城镇中的污染和交通堵塞，有利于改善环境。Thusreducingoverheadandsavingtime.因此减少了开销并节省了时间。3）ReducedConsumptionisbeingreducedby25percent.消费下降了25个百分点。Iboughtthecoatasitwasconsiderablyreducedfromitsoriginalprice.这件上衣大减价，因此我就把它买下了。Thebloodsupplytotheskinisreducedwhenmusclesstiffen.当肌肉变得僵硬时，皮肤的供血量就
21、减少了。练习：公司尽力通过减少花销来提高利润。The company tries to increase profits by_ .今年我们已经减少了业务开支。We _ expenses this year. reducing costshave reduced7. Free fri: 自由，免费例句：Theseminarsarefree,withlunchprovided.研讨会不收会务费，而且还提供午餐。Itwillfreeusofawholelotofdebt.它会使我们摆脱巨额债务。用法：This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops fr
22、ee from chemicals. keeps free from /of: 使免受(影响, 伤害等); 使不含(有害物)We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.You must take care to keep the wound free from the dirt.1)keep from: 隐瞒, 不把告诉(某人)阻止, 避免” 如：He wont be able to keep the truth from his father.You cant keep him from doing that thing.
23、2)free from: 使解除, 使摆脱 如：They aim to free the students from too much homework.3)be free of sb/sth: 摆脱某人/某物Im free of that job at last.练习：Sheretainsherslimfigureandisfreeofwrinkles.她保持着苗条的身材，脸上也没有皱纹。Tool beltsfreebothhandsandlessentheriskofdroppinghammers.工具腰带解放了双手，还减少了锤子掉落的风险。Shespentherfreetimeshopp
24、ing.她空闲的时候就去购物。Therewasonlyoneseatfreeonthetrain.列车上只剩下一个空座。第二部分：从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语1动名词作主语例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle.（1997上海） A. As she lost BLostCLosing DBecause of losing 解析：答案C。Losing在此为动名词，及her new bicycle构成动名词短语在句中作主语。该题可以理解为：Losing hernew bicycle made Mary so upse
25、t1.在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，v-ing形式作真正的主语。1) Its no usegoodv-ing如：Its no good smoking, youd better give it upIts no use arguing with him2)Its a waste of time / so nice/ foolish interesting / doing sth.Its a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等是浪费时间。Its so nice talking to you. 很高兴和你谈话。2.v-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。Learnin
26、g new words is very useful to meWriting headlines in English is not an easy job动名词作宾语1）有些动词后只接动名词作宾语。这类动词常见的有：admit，advise，finish, avoid，escape,delay，consider,dislike, mind, suggest，enjoy，miss ,practise，imagine，appreciate（感激）,risk(冒险)等等。 2.Our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject. (85)Ato
27、 have Bshould haveChave DHavingKey: D2）有些动词和动词词组既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意思不同。这类动词及动词词组常见的有：stop，forget，remember，try，mean，goon，regret, cant help 等等。1）go on to do 接着做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）2）stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做3）remember to do 记住要做；remember doing 记得曾做过4)cant help to do 不能帮助做； cant help doing
28、情不自禁地做4）forget to do 忘记要做；forget doing 忘了曾经做过5）regret to do 很遗憾抱歉地去做；regret doing 后悔做了6）try to do 努力做；try doing 试着做7）mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着做3.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well，now I regret _that.(95)Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done解析：答案D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regret doing havingdone3.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting -Well，now I regret _that.(95)Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done解析：答案D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已
