1、备考高考写作专题1 记叙文备考高考写作专题1 记叙文重点诠释：1 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化的过程为主的一种文体。2 在记叙文体的高考书面表达中，命题形式主要是提纲式或图表式。3 通常要求考生以第一人称或第三人称来写作，第一人称主要是写自己的经历，第三人称主要是写他人的经历或事迹。4 由于记叙文叙述的事情通常发生在过去，因而，其时态主要用一般过去时。5 记叙文通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来表达内容的。写作典例：请仔细看一下下面的图画，注意图画中的细节：假设你是李华，在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你的目击一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时所见情况。根据下列图画写出报
2、告。 注意：1、目击者应该准确报告事实； 2、词数100左右； 3、结尾已为你写好剖析：本题图文结合，审题时要重视细节。1 明确写作要求：本题要求写一篇目击者的报告，用第一人称写；2 认真审图，确认全部信息要点：图中的环境条件；人物位置（此点对完成本题十分重要）； 人物活动； 人物表情； 空间结构；图中的全部附加文字（英语和汉语）。3 确定内容要点：时间：2000年2月8日早晨7点15分；地点：公园路公园门前；我正沿公园路向东走；一辆汽车从第3街向右拐，驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人；汽车未停，沿公园路向西开走；汽车是黄色的，车牌号是AC864，司机是一位女性。One Possible ve
3、rsion:It was 7 : 15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man whi
4、le he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.高考是全社会关注的大事，学校和家庭表现尤为突出。家
5、庭成员对考生从学习到生活给予无微不至的关怀，结果却给考生带来负面影响。根据图画所描述的内容写一篇文章,并发表自己的观点(夹叙夹议)。词数120左右。As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near，_ 。As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, the situation is getting worse and worse. From the picture, we can see that Li Ming is studying hard. There are many b
6、ooks for him to read and many papers for him to do. How poor he is! At the same time, all his family are also busy working for him.Nowadays, many parents expect too much of their sons or daughters. They hope that their sons or daughters study hard in order to be admitted to an ideal college or a key
7、 university. It is for this reason that parents are strict with their children. However, they dont realize what they have become a heavy burden or a great pressure. It is the hard work or the great pressure that changes their children that much.So I hope parents provide a proper environment for thei
8、r children. Only in this way, will they try their best and succeed at last! 本文是夹叙夹议类的文章，主要反映家庭对考生的特别关注给他们带来负面影响。在写作过程中，对主题要审准、审清，对发展过程和结果进行叙述。备考高考写作专题2 三段式作文法重点诠释：所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言，如何把握较大的写作空间，三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为：1 第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。2 第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把
9、事情发展的经过详细写出来。3 最后一段，得出结论或理由。注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有：递进型： also, (and)besides, whats more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, whats worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only but also等；解释型：that is (to say), in othe
10、r words, or，namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等；转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the coutrary,on the other hand 等；列举型：firstlysecondlyfinally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take for
11、example等；因果型：because (of), since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so that, so that等；让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等；顺序型：firstnextand thenfinally, firstthenafter thatfinally 等；并列型：and, bothand, or, eitheror, as well as, 等时间型：afterwards, soon, later
12、, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 等总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned，Im sure 等条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等写作典例：假设你是李越，你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说，他和他的一些同学正
13、在学中文，请你推荐两本学中文的词典。根据下表提供的信息，请你给他写一封回信。英汉词典新华字典收词（字）18000（英语）20000 （汉语）10000 价格 52元11元 特点大量例子，用法说明，适合初学者中国最常用的汉语字典注意：1。词数：100左右； 2参考词汇：推荐recommend; 英汉词典The English-Chinese Dictionary (ECE);新华字典 Xinhua Dictionary (XD)分析：此篇书面表达属于实物说明文，其篇章结构可按三段式进行写作。本文的第一段，可用直接的叙述“Im so pleased to learn that you and yo
14、ur classmates are learning Chinese”.正文即可作为第二段，其主要内容是对两本词典的一些介绍。结束语即可作为第三段。应将两本词典的特点表达准确，以便加拿大笔友Steve作出合理选择。表达时，文章的基本时态可考虑用一般现在时。范文：Dear Steve, Im so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. Id like to recommend the following two dictionaries.The English-Chinese Dictionary
15、is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words, besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary fo 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some adva
16、nced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECD is more expensive. It costs 52 yuan,and XD costs 11 yuan. Please let me know if you want me to buy one for you. Yours, Li Yue 倡议书低碳生活 在积极倡导低碳环保的大环境下，今天的校园内，浪费现象还很普遍，许多学生没有意识到节能的重要性。请你根据下图所展示的一些现象，以学生会的名义，就这些现象起草一份倡议书，向全校师生发出倡议，节约能源。注意：（1）开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；（2
17、）词数不少于100；（3）可根据需要补充与文章有关的信息；【猜题理由】本话题属于热点话题，既为学生熟知又与生活实际贴近，也可以在语言教学中加强对学生进行环境保护教育。【构思点拨】仔细观察图画，结合图画内容捋顺要点，确定立意。行文时要注意句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯，并且还要关注应用文文体特点。【参考范文】Dear teachers and students, Nowadays its common to see students wasting thing in our school. Many students havent realized the importance of
18、energy-saving. For example, sometimes we can see that lights and computers are still on after class, or some students even leave water running after using it. Besides, our paper is printed on only one side, causing much waste.Its time that we did something to avoid this kind of waste. Firstly, make
19、sure that all the lights and other electric facilities are switched off when we leave the rooms. Try to form the habit of turning off the tap immediately after using it. Whats more, paper should be printed on both sides and reused if possible.In a word, if everybody has the awareness of energy-savin
20、g and start with ourselves to reduce the waste, we can contribute to society.Students Union纵观近几年高考，英语书面表达大致分为材料作文、图表作文和开放作文。且材料作文逐渐被图表作文取代，图表分析作文就是将数据、图像所包含的信息，转化为表意的说明文字。图表分析作文通常比较复杂，学生不仅要弄清提示，还要看懂所给的图表和数据。由于这类试题提示内容少，信息点分散，审题时一定要领会作者的出题意图，弄清主题再动笔：1.单纯描述解释图表信息，按图表所示内容如实表达，不加评论。2.通过叙述图表(或图画)中的内容和数字变
21、化来分析原因，发表议论。(一) 柱状图(BAR CHART)人们日常生活中事物的变化情况通常可以用宽度相等的柱状图形来表示，柱状图的高度差别用来说明事物的动态发展趋势，同时要注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息。例：你们班会的讨论主题是“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗？”请你根据下面图表及汉语提示，写一篇短文，并阐述你的个人观点。提示：1.增长学识，提高素养，利于择业。2.成功的路不只一条。3.学费高，就业难。 要求：1.词数：100120左右。2.开头语已为你写好(不计入词数)。3.参考词汇： tuition n.学费qualities n.素养【解题分析】柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形，要求学
22、生通过柱状图图中数据和提示内容写一短文，属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写为议论文。通常我们采取三段式写法：第一段：描述图表，得出结论。第二段：紧扣主题，根据图表比较分析原因，论证结论。第三段：发表议论，提出自己的看法。【提炼要点】分析柱状图数据信息。从图中可看出，黑色代表想上大学，占大多数，约60%；浅黑色代表无所谓，占约30%；白色代表不想上大学，占约10%。One possible versionIs It The Only Way Out To Go To College？We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out f
23、or senior students to go to college.Views vary from person to person.The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities.Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.Very few students， that is about ten per
24、cent of the students， think it no use going university， because the tuition is too high for their family to afford.Whats more， its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.Thirty percent of the students， however， believe “All roads lead to Rome.” Therefore it doesnt make any diffe
25、rence whether they go to college or not.In my opinion， we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.【语言亮点】词汇。如：consider，widen，afford，seek，satisfactory。句式。如：形式宾语：The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.倒装：Only in this way can they find better
26、 jobs after graduation.主语从句：its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.谚语：All roads lead to Rome.过渡词。如：that is about ten percent of the students，whats more， however， in my opinion。【技巧点拨】1.读懂柱状图坐标刻线及图例说明与文字，比较柱状高低和颜色表示内容及数据。2.学会看趋势、找规律，从整体看图表有何发展变化，找出特点、规律。3.引用图表包含信息，使你的文章“由图而发”，
27、言之有据。【常用句式】1. As can be seen from the chart，.As is shown in the chart，.2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college.3. From the graph/data/results/information above， it can be seen/concluded/shown /estimated.4.The graph shows the changes in the number of.over the period
28、 from.to.5.Compared with.，the number of the students of.备考高考写作专题4 说明文重点诠释：1 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。2 在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。3 它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。4 这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。写作典例：根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。（广东06）注意：1词数：100左右2生词
29、：通讯：communicate (with sb) vi. communication n互联网：the Internet n. 案例分析从材料的呈现方式（两幅图对比）及材料所提供的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。时态的把握是本文的一大难点，一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如in the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone 及It
30、used to take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用 “Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“with these changes,peoples pace of life has been quickened and peoples work has been made more dfficient”
31、.相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。高分范文Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. Whats more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.With these changes, peoples pace of life has been quickened and peoples work h
