1、解析上海市光明中学学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 光明中学2018学年第二学期高一英语期中试卷. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分）SectionA（10分）Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1._ caused the accident has not been found out yet.A. What
2、B. WhichC. The thing D. That【答案】A【详解】考查主语从句。句意：造成事故的原因还没有查明。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应该用what引导，故A项正确。2. She found her calculator _ she lost it.A. where B. when C. in which D. that【答案】A略3.I have no doubt _ hell come to our help if we call him.A. whether B. ifC. that D. when【答案】C【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：如果我们打电+话给他，我相信他一
3、定会来帮助我们的。分析句子结构可知此处为同位语从句，从句结构完整，用that只起引导作用，不作任何成分，补充说明doubt的内容，故C项正确。4.Boys, please dont talk about such things _ you dont understand at all.A. that B. asC. which D. what【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们，请不要谈论你们根本不懂的事情。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先行词things前有such修饰，用关系代词as引导这个定语从句，故B项正确。【点睛】本题很容易误选A项，构成suchthat句型，但that引导
4、的是结果状语从句，显然逻辑不通顺，实际上本题考查的是定语中的一个特殊用法：当先行词前面有such, so, as many, as much等修饰的时候，后面的关系代词使用as，本题中先行词前有such修饰，关系代词as指代先行词在从句中作understand的宾语。5.He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted me on the shoulder.A. that B. whichC. when D. until【答案】C【详解】考查固定句式。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了我的肩膀。be about to do when表
5、示“正要做这时（突然）发生某事”，故C项正确。6. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is【答案】A7.A farmer claimed _ a rare South China tiger in the wild with a digital camera last year, but it turned out to be a dishon
6、est trick.A. to photograph B. photographingC. to have photographed D. having photographed【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位农民声称去年曾用数码相机拍摄过一只罕见的野生华南虎，但事实证明这是一个不诚实的诡计。claim to do表示“声称做某事”，photograph这一动作发生在claimed之前，所以用不定式的完成式作宾语，故C项正确。8.My father thinks I am not capable _ my own living, but I mean _ him that he i
7、s wrong.A. to earn, to show B. of earning, showingC. of earning, to show D. in earning, to show【答案】C【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我父亲认为我没有能力养活自己，但我想让他知道他错了。be capable of doing表示“有能力做某事”，mean to do表示“打算做”，故C项正确。9.Mr. Smith arrived at the office every morning at precisely ten oclock, _ his bat on a peg near the door
8、and went his way to his desk.A. hanging B. hangedC. hung D. and hanged【答案】C【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生每天上午10点准时到达办公室，把他的球拍挂在门边的钉子上，然后走向他的办公桌。and连接三个并列的动作，此处与arrived和went一致用一般过去时，hang表示“悬挂”时，过去式为hung，故C项正确。【点睛】hang这个词的过去式和过去分词有两种，注意区别：当用来表示“悬挂”的时候，过去式和过去分词是hung,hung；当用来表示“绞死”的时候，过去式和过去分词是hanged, hanged。10.By t
9、he time we _, a waiter had come over to our table with a smile.A. seated B. sittingC. sat ourselves D. were seated【答案】D【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当我们坐下来的时候，一个服务员微笑着走到我们的桌旁。此处为句子的谓语，seat是不及物动词，be seated=seat oneself，表示“坐下”，故D项正确。SectionB（10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make
10、the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Happiness Is an AttitudeThe 92-year-old confident and proud lady, who is fully dressed each morni
11、ng by eight oclock, with her hair fashionably combed and makeup perfectly applied, moved to a_11_(nurse) home today.Her husband of 70 years recently passed away, _12_ (make) the move necessary.After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she _13_ (smile) sweetly when told h
12、er room was ready. As she got into the elevator _14_ her wheelchair, I provided a description of her tiny room.“I love it,” she started with the enthusiasm of _15_ eight-year-old child having just been presented with a new dog.“Mrs. Jones, you havent seen the room.just wait.”“That has _16_ to do wit
13、h it,” she replied. “Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. _17_ I like my room or not doesnt depend on how the furniture is arrangedits _18_ I arrange my mind. I already decided to love it. Its a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice; I can spend the day in bed
14、_19_ (recount) the difficulty I have with the parts of my body _20_ no longer work or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones working. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, Ill focus on the new day and all the happy memories Ive stored away just for this time in my life.”【答案】11. nursi
15、ng 12. making 13. smiled 14. in 15. an 16. nothing 17. Whether 18. how 19. recounting 20. which/that本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个92岁的老太太搬进养老院的故事以及她对生活的态度。【11题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这位92岁老太太自信而骄傲，每天早上8点就穿戴整齐，梳着时髦的发型，化着完美的妆容，今天她搬进了养老院。nursing home表示“养老院”，故填nursing。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与她一同走过70个岁月的丈夫新近去世，使搬到养老院成为必然之举。此处用现在分词作结果状语
16、，表示一种自然而然的结果，故填making。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：在疗养院的大厅里耐心地等了好几个小时之后，当被告知她的房间已经准备好时，她甜甜地笑了。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填smiled。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：当她坐着轮椅进入电梯时，我描述了她的小房间。表示“坐在轮椅上”用介词in，故填in。【15题详解】考查冠词。句意：“我喜欢它，”她像一个8岁孩子刚得到一条狗一样充满了热情。此处泛指一个8岁的孩子，eight-year-old以元音音素开头，故填an。【16题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：那与此事无关。have nothing to do with表示“与无关”
17、，故填nothing。【17题详解】考查主语从句。句意：我是否喜欢我的房间并不取决于家具如何摆放。此处为主语从句，根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填Whether。【18题详解】考查表语从句。句意：而是取决于我怎么想。此处为表语从句，句中缺少方式状语，故填how。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我可以花一整天的时间躺在床上反复计算我身体不听使唤造成的困难。spend time doing表示“花时间做某事”，故填recounting。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意参考上题解+析，先行词为the parts of my body，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。Sec
18、tionC（10分）Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States. He became a_21_ voice in the ye
19、ar before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) _22_Douglasss birth and Black History Month with reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a_23_ site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglasss personal possessions, had undergone a three-year _24_. (
20、Thanks to the NTS website, however, you dont have to live in the nations capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born in Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father who never knew Douglass grew uo to become the first black _25_ to hold a government office- as US
21、 minister and consul general （总领事）to Haiti.As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he _26_ taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the
22、 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system _27_ up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the _28_, housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.
23、He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass _29_ the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution （美国宪法修正案）, which _30_ African-Americans the right to vote.【答案】21. J 22. A 23. C 24. I 25. E 26. D 27. B 28. G 29. K 30. F本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了黑人领袖弗雷德里克道格拉斯的生平和贡献。【21题详解】考查
24、形容词。句意：他在内战前一年成为了一个主要的声音。修饰名词voice用形容词，表示“主要的”，故填J【22题详解】考查动词。句意：几周前，国家公园管理局为了纪念道格拉斯的出生和黑人历史月，重新开放了他位于华盛顿雪松山的家，这是一处华盛顿地区的历史遗迹。此处缺少及物动词作谓语，表示“纪念”，故填A。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意同上，a historic site表示“历史遗迹”，故填C。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：这栋两层楼高的房子里存放着道格拉斯的许多私人物品，经历了三年的修缮。作动词undergone的宾语用名词，表示“修缮、复原”，故填I。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：他从不知道道格拉
25、斯长大后成为第一位担任政府公职的黑人公民。此处缺少名词作表语，表示“公民”，故填E。【26题详解】考查副词。句意：在南方，教育奴隶是非法的，所以他偷偷地自学读写。修饰动词taught用副词，表示“偷偷地”，故填D。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：19世纪50年代，道格拉斯参与了“地下铁路”运动，该运动由反奴隶制团体发起，目的是将逃跑的奴隶带到北方和加拿大。set up 表示 “建立、发起”，the system 与set up之间是动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做后置定语，故填B。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：它成了这条路线上的一个重要站点，一次可以容纳多达11名逃跑的奴隶。on the
26、route表示“在路上、在某一路线”，故填G。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：在道格拉斯的一生中，他见证了1865年奴隶制的终结以及美国宪法第15条修正案的通过，该修正案赋予非裔美国人投票权。此处用动词作谓语，表示“见证”，故填K。【30题详解】考查动词。句意同上，此处用动词作谓语，表示“合法地（授予）”，故填F。. Reading Comprehension（30分）SectionA（15分）Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and
27、D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.President Obamas second Inaugural Address used soaring language to stress Americas commitment to the dream of equality of opportunity: We are true to our belief that a little girl born into _31_ knows that she has the same chan
28、ce to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American.The gap between ideal and reality could hardly be _32_ . Today, the United States has less equality of opportunity than almost any other advanced industrial country. Study after study has _33_ the myth that America is a land of opportunity. A
29、 way of looking at equality of opportunity is to as to what extent the life chances of a child are _34_ the education and income of his parents. Is it just as likely that a child of poor or poorly educated parents gets a good education and rises to the middle class as someone born to middle-class pa
30、rents with college degrees? Even in a more democratic society. the answer would be no.How do we explain this? Some of it has to do with discrimination （歧视）. Latinos and African-Americans still get paid less than whites, and women still get paid less than men, _35_ they recently surpassed （超越）men in
31、the number of advanced degrees they obtain. Discrimination, however, is only a small part of the _36_. Probably the most important reason for _37_ of equality of opportunity is education. After World War, we made a major effort to _38_ higher education to Americans across the country. But then we changed, in several ways. While racial segregation（种族隔离）decreased, economic segregation increased. After 1980, the poor grew poorer, the middle stagnated（停滞不前）, and the top d
