1、毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 中英文对照 现有测绘成果转换到中国大地坐标系 英文原文Conversion of existing mapping results to the China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000China is a vast area of the country, due to historical reasons, Chinas adoption of the Beijing 54 coordinate system, such as Xian 80 coordinate system coordinates. With the map
2、ping technology known as 2000, China established a national geodetic coordinate system of the earth coordinate system. This will be the extent possible, on Chinas achievements have been converted to the new mapping coordinates a variety of theoretical methods to be learning from industry peers.1.Def
3、inition of the China Geodetic Coordinate System 20001. National Geodetic coordinate system is defined to include the origin of coordinates, three axes of direction, scale, and the earth ellipsoid four basic parameters of the definition. China Geodetic Coordinate System origin to include the oceans a
4、nd atmosphere whole Earths center of mass; China Geodetic Coordinate System Z axis pointing to the original Epoch 2000.0 of the Earths direction, the epoch of the point by the International Bureau of time epoch 1984.0 set the initial point for the projections, the time evolution of orientation relat
5、ive to the crust does not guarantee the global residual rotation, X-axis pointing to the original point of reference Greenwich meridian and the Earth equatorial plane (epoch 2000.0) of the intersection, Y-axis and Z axis, X axis to the right hand orthogonal coordinate system. With general relativity
6、 in the sense of scale. China Geodetic Coordinate System used in the earth ellipsoid parameters values are:Long axle a6378137mFlat rate f=1/298.257222101Gravitational constant GM3.9860044181014m3s-2Angular velocity 7.292l1510-5rad s-1Other parameters as follows:Short radiusb(m)6356752.31414Polar rad
7、ius of curvaturec (m)6399593.62586The first eccentricity e.0818*Squared of first eccentricity e20.00669438002290Second Eccentricity 0.0820944381519Squared of Second Eccentricity 20.006739496775481/4The length of the meridian circle Q(m)10001965.7293The average radius of ellipsoid R1(m)6371008.77138T
8、he same surface area of the sphere radius R2(m)6371007.18092The same volume of radiusR3(m)6371000.78997Ellipsoid in the proper position U0(m2s-2)62636851.7149Dynamic shape factor J20.001082629832258Spherical harmonic coefficients J4-0.00000237091126Spherical harmonic coefficients J60.00000000608347S
9、pherical harmonic coefficients J8-0.000000000014270.00344978650678The Equators value of normal gravity e9.7803253361Polarized normal gravity valuep9.8321849379Mean normal gravity 9.7976432224Latitude45 degrees of the normal gravity value459.80619776952. The method of Point and coordinates transforma
10、tion(1) Model selectionThe scope of national and provincial choose two-dimensional coordinate conversion seven parameter transformation model; provincial level below the three-dimensional coordinate conversion option or four-parameter model for planar four-parameter model. For the relatively indepen
11、dent plane coordinate system and the China Geodetic Coordinate System links four parameters model can be used flat or polynomial regression model. Coordinate transformation model detailed in Part VI of this guide.(2) Coincidence point selectionCoincidence coordinates can be used in the two coordinat
12、es are the results of the point coordinates. But in the end overlap point needed to determine the conversion parameters according to the calculated coincidence coordinate residuals, according to the size of the residuals to determine if the residual error is greater than 3 times removed in recalcula
13、te the coordinate conversion parameters until satisfied precision so far; used to calculate the number of transformation parameters and conversion Coincidence size of the region, but not less than five.(3) Calculation of model parametersCoincidence identified with the coordinates of the coordinate c
14、onversion model model parameters using least squares method. (4)Accuracy assessment and validation.Coordinate transformation with the above model must meet the corresponding precision indicators, specific indicators and assessment of accuracy assessment methods, see the annex to relevant content. Se
15、lect some coincidence as an external check point, is not involved in conversion parameter calculation, calculating the transformation parameters using the conversion point coordinates are compared with known coordinates of the external check. Should be selected at least six evenly spaced points on t
16、he coordinate transformation coincides accuracy check.(5) Coordinates of the midpoint of the database conversion model parameter calculation of regional selectionXian coordinate system for the 1980 database, using national data of a set of model parameters to meet the 1:5 million and 1:25 million sc
17、ale database conversion accuracy; with the national data of the model parameters of the six regional meets 1 : 10 000 scale database conversion accuracy. For the 1954 Beijing coordinates database conversion, using the national data of the model parameters of the six regional meets, and 1:25 million,
18、 1:5 million scale database conversion accuracy; by (2 3 ) to Calculation of model parameters to meet the 1:1 million scale database conversion accuracy.3.1:2.5-1:25 Million conversion of the database(1)Basic scale topographic maps by country Framing organizations databaseBasic scale topographic map
19、s by country sub-site organizations graphics data (DLG,DEM,DRG),based on the following program to convert.1.1:2.5-1:10million DLG conversion of the database(2)1954 Beijing coordinate system1:2.5-1:10 million DLG conversion of the databaseA,according to the appropriate regional scale sub-division of
20、lots, two steps complete the coordinate transformation. First to ellipsoid transform, re-scale maps using the corresponding region of X, Y coordinates of the coordinate shift amount of shift;B,according to 2000 National Geodetic coordinates corresponding to the scale of the standard profile data and
21、 Drawing cutting edge of the region maps the data in the blank area adjacent maps use additional data;C,add the 2000 National Geodetic coordinates in grid square layer, delete the original square grid where the data layer;D,complete the chart profile changes, data editing, data access side, topology
22、 reconstruction, data storage and other data processing and construction of library work;E,with maps for Edge: The picture on the right (1954 Beijing coordinate system) then left (China Geodetic Coordinate System ), the first picture on the right of the ellipsoid to bring change and change in the us
23、e of the left with left of motion for the coordinates of picture on the right translation, completed and saved then in the left side with the picture on the right (back up) results. Back to picture on the right to withdraw for Edge to join the pan with the amount, and the projection transformation,
24、and finally use the right amount of completion of the translation with their own translation before they are allowed access to its adjacent picture on the right side;F,on the basis of geographic information database metadata associated changes entries.(2)1980 Xian coordinates 1:2.5-1:10 million DLG
25、Database ConversionFraming according to the relevant regional division of scale, without regard to ellipsoid transform, directly corresponding to the scale regional maps X, Y coordinates of displacement is to coordinate translation; and then follow the 1954 Beijing DLG database coordinate system tra
26、nsformation b f the corresponding steps.2,1:2.5-1:10 million DRG Database ConversionThe original data 300 500dpi scan of original printed maps to correct generated by the RGB raster data, no maps between the elements of Edge Treatment.(1) 1954 Beijing coordinates 1:2.5-1:10 million DRG Database Conv
27、ersiona、A,consider the ellipsoid transformation and the corresponding map contour corner of the X, Y coordinate translation, calculation coordinate system in 1954, Beijing Drawing of profile corner in the China Geodetic Coordinate System coordinates, and modify the appropriate header files positioni
28、ng coordinates;B,in the 2000 National DRG data superimposed on the earth coordinate system based on the new geodetic control layer (Fig. profile and square in the grid, etc.), the new chart profile data or data gaps do not do a chart pattern for the region to complement and reduction;C,in the legend
29、 to add 2,000 National Geodetic Coordinate System Control base note of new terms;D,the data layer was completed, and keep the original resolution of DRG data;E,change the metadata related to content, increase the standard of the 1954 Beijing Framing coordinates four corners of points in the plan pro
30、file China Geodetic Coordinate System coordinates, calculating in 2000 the national standard geodetic coordinate system profile corners framing the map coordinates of points.The converted data for China Geodetic Coordinate System coordinates, coordinates 1954 Beijing Framing.(2) 1980 Xian coordinate
31、s 1:2.5-1:10 million DRG Database ConversionGet maps corresponding contour map scale maps corner of the X, Y coordinate shift amount calculation under the shift maps positioning coordinates, modify the header file; and then follow the coordinates to the 1954 Beijing National Geodetic Coordinate Syst
32、em 2000 1:2.5 -1:10 million DRG database conversion b e steps.The converted data for China Geodetic Coordinate System coordinates, coordinates of Xian in 1980, Framing.3,1:2.5-1:10 million DEM Database ConversionThe original data of 25 meter resolution grayscale (256) raster data, library data, maps indirect edge processing intact. This data conversion can be in two ways: one is based on the China Geodetic Coordinate System related to layer DLG data (contour lines, elevatio
