1、教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳教师资格考试中学教育知识能力考点归纳(3)（Teacher qualification test, secondary school education, knowledge, competence, test site induction (3)）The teacher qualification exam of middle school education knowledge have concluded (3)The development of education and the third sectionEducation can cultiva
2、te the talent needs of the community, the important point is to see whether it follows the law of development of human. Education and human development is the mutual restriction relations: on the one hand. Education plays a leading role in the individuals physical and mental development process; on
3、the other hand, but also restricts the education by law of individual physical and mental development, physical and mental development of individual state education is the basis of behavior.First, the individual physical and mental development(a) the concept of individual physical and mental develop
4、mentThe individual physical and mental development refers to the whole life process as a whole in individual complex from the beginning of life to the end of life. The process of changing, especially refers to the physical and mental characteristics of individuals to change the active. Peoples physi
5、cal and mental development includes two aspects:One is the physiological development, also known as the physical development. The development of individual body enhancement including normal development and physical body two aspects. The normal development of an organism in various organs, including
6、the healthy growth of various body systems. It is the individual physique condition and main contents: the normal development of the physical enhancement and help the body. Two promote each other, mutual connection, in the actual activities become one.The two is psychological development. Refers to
7、the development of human spirit, including the development of the two aspects of cognition and intention. Cognitive development refers to the development of perception, memory, thinking and other aspects of the intention development refers to the development of needs, interest, emotion and will etc.
8、 The physical development and psychological development are closely linked. Physical development is the material basis of psychological development, psychological development also affects the development of physiology.(two) special peoples physical and mental development1. people are social people,
9、is developing in a social environmentIn the social environment, not only the existence of a different nature, and each individual with different degree of contact of various groups, but also the existence of human creation and creative tools. Individuals only participate in social practice. In order
10、 to survive and development, in order to play to their potential, and into the development of reality.Has the function of 2. peoples physical and mental developmentPeople have the ability to understand and transform the outside world, it has made people beyond the animal world. People have to unders
11、tand and transform their abilities. People with self consciousness, to a certain stage of development of people. Has the ability to plan their own future and create conditions for future development. The initiative can play better, is an important factor in the development of a person can reach a hi
12、gher level.(three) and the reason that the individuals physical and mental development1. in theoryIn the internal needs of the general emphasis on peoples physical and mental development of power is mainly due to their physical and mental development. The order is determined by the mechanism of phys
13、ical and mental maturity. Namely: human individual psychological development is completely natural factors inherent within the predetermined by the individual, psychological development is the essence of natural factors according to their intrinsic purpose or direction of the show. External conditio
14、ns can only affect the inherent law of development, but can not change the rhythm. In view of the natural and mature theory, Preformationism, genetic determinism. This view - the positive significance lies in attaching importance to peoples internal needs and human inherent development mechanism. We
15、akness is the one-sided emphasis on the importance of internal factors for individual development, and ignore the external factors that influence people and individual subjective initiative.Mencius is representative of ancient China in theory, he thought that human nature is good, all things are in
16、my heart, there is the nature of human compassion, shame, humility, is the four end, this is the root of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom four basic character of the people, as long as the good self-cultivation, seek, these qualities can be developed.Austria psychoanalytic school founde
17、r Freud believes that the sexual instinct is the most basic natural instinct, it is to promote the development of human potential, unconscious, the most fundamental reason.The contemporary American sociologist Wilson biological gene duplication as all the essence of power determines the people. And
18、the American psychologist Gesell stressed the decisive role, mature mechanism for the development of people he believes that people decided by gene sequence. If you want to pass the external education training ability formed in front of the mature grab some schedule is inefficient or even futile. Ge
19、sell not only that the human body function development program is restricted by the growth rule, and all other abilities, including the growth rule by morality.2. external motivation theoryExternalization theory and in the theory on the contrary, the essence of individual psychological development i
20、s the environmental impact of the results. The environmental impact determines the level and form of individual psychological development. This view is also called the psychological development of environmental determinism, shaping theory or experience theory etc. The basic view of externalization t
21、heory believes that human development mainly rely on external forces, stimulation and environmental requirements, such as the impact of others and school education. The focus of concern is the externalization of human learning. Learn what and how to learn effectively.Representative of Chinas ancient
22、 evil is Xunzi, he believes that the human factor itself is the need to reform.The British philosopher Rock white board is the externalization of a typical representative. He thinks. The human mind is like a whiteboard, which itself has no content. Can anyone apply external forces determines the hum
23、an development situation.Another representative of the United States is the externalization of behavioral psychologist at Wahson, he once said: give him a healthy baby, regardless of their ancestors, he can train them to be from the leader to the thief and other types of people. He thinks. Environme
24、nt and education is the only condition of psychological development. Education is everything.Skinner Wahson inherited the environmental determinism, that a persons behavior and personality can be complicated by the external reinforcement or punishment means to cultivate and change, control or correc
25、tion.3. multi factor interaction theoryAccording to dialectical materialism, human development is the internal factors (such as genetic quality, mature body mechanism) and external environment (external stimulus intensity and the level of social development and individual cultural background) intera
26、ction in the individual activities in the. Who is the main practice activity, active participation of the individual, the individual development can not be achieved; subjective and objective conditions in similar circumstances, the extent of individual initiative, has a decisive significance for the
27、 development of people.(four) the general rules of individual physical and mental developmentThe order of the 1. individual physical and mental developmentIndividual physical and psychological development has a certain order in the whole and individual process and characteristics of physical and men
28、tal development also has a certain order. Children from birth to adulthood, their physical and mental development is from low to high and from quantitative to qualitative changes in the continuous development process. For example, the physical development follows from top to bottom, from the middle
29、to the limbs, muscles from bones to sequential development, psychological development is always a mechanical memory to memory, thinking from the concrete to abstract thinking, from the general to the passions emotional sense, moral sense, aesthetic and other complex emotions. In the education of tee
30、nagers, must follow the concrete to abstract, from the shallower to the deeper. From simple to complex, from a lower level to a higher order. Gradually move forward, not push them, otherwise it can not receive the desired effect, and even damage their physical and mental.The 2. stage of individual p
31、hysical and mental developmentIndividuals showed general characteristics of different physical and mental development and the main contradiction in different stages of development. Faced with different tasks. This is the stage of physical and mental development. Adjacent stages are regularly replace
32、d. During the same period. The development is mainly the number of changes, after a period of development, from quantitative to qualitative change, and development level has reached a new stage.The age characteristics of physical and mental development of young people is the characteristics of forma
33、tion in different age stages of development in general, typical and essential. Of course, between the different stages of development are interrelated, a stage affects the next stage of development direction choice, so the life of each stage for human development. Not only has this stage significance, but also has
