1、上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题360度全方位解析已经校对2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语一模试题 2016.12 Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
2、 blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube 地铁 in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve,means that (21) even though/if youre
3、packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated. 21题思路路线：means that后面的宾语从句出现两个句子：youre packed.和the morning commute.中间没有并列连词，说明一定是主从句，并且一定不是定语从句，从空格的位置可以看出来。所以一定是状语从句。考查从属连词。由两个句子的意思可以看出来，前后相背，需要让步连词，两个词一定是even though/if.On
4、e London resident, however, is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird, says Jonathan Dunne, 42,an American living in London, who has, ironically具有讽刺意味的, started (22) a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章）with the slogan标语，口号 “Tube chat?” la
5、st month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) to be thrown (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.23题第一种思路：第一步看清handed out是句子谓
6、语动词，expecting就是非谓语动词作状语。第二步throw作expecting的宾语many refusals and most of them的补足语，推出throw是非谓语动词。第三步非谓语动词做宾补，三种形式都可以，其中只有不定式表目的和将来，由expect的词义：渴望，说明用不定式。第四步看throw和宾语many refusals and.的关系，是被动的，所以为不定式的被动形式：to be done.第二种思路：知道expect的用法中有一个是：expect sb/sth to do sth. 确定用不定式，然后根据意思确定不定式被动形式。Dunne and his “Tub
7、e chat” campaign 活动(24)have featured.(feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website,newspaper and magazine appearances.24题答案是本处原文出处为have since featured，其中since为副词：后来。进入一模题后，将原文since处置在后面变成ever since “从那时到现在 ”句子中有ever si
8、nce,主句通常用现在完成时。feature在此作为不及物动词，表示“作为主要角色，是.的重要组成，主演”。本句译为：邓恩和他的“地铁聊”活动成为世界各地的媒体纷纷报道的内容，如瑞典.Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with hissentiment感觉，感情，观点，想法 . Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) his 【源自词组：介词+ones+own】 own, handing out 50
9、0 badges with the words “Dont even think about it 还是别痴心妄想了” on them. “I (26) can 【后面stand谓语动词为原形，考虑情态动词】 hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and
10、 quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) from 【前面to为介词，后面有and,说明并列的是介词】work. It doesnt need to be spoiled 破坏，溺爱，掠夺by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.虽然伦敦的规矩似乎
11、有些抵触社交，但不是所有地方都缺乏社区意识。Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) will be mirrored 【将来时是由hope词义和后面的in the UK following his campaign推出来的】 (mirror v反射，反映) in the UK following his campaign?【译：在他的活动后，英国能够效仿这种精神吗？】“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29) which I dont, bu
12、t its been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,”【译：人们认为我只是过去和陌生人聊天，但其实并不是这样。这是一种很棒的方式，能让我遇见很多以前根本不会交谈的人】 he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.”【译：在周一，10月10日，伦敦运输博物馆的馆长还邀请我前去喝茶。】So if you ever end up (30) using【
13、介词后面用动名词。原因是因为语法中规定介词后接名词或代词，如果遇到动词，要+ing,变成名词】 (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.end up 到头来，结束，最终 【译：所以，如果有一天你在西方搭乘公交，何不向你身边的人问声好呢？但首先要确定，那人带着一个徽章。】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word cho
14、sen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. overtookB. promisingC. likelihoodD. ridiculousE. shared F. controlledG beliefsH. reasonableI. trendJ. tracked K. demonstrated overtook v.赶上，压倒，超过 likelihood n. 可能，可能性 ridiculous adj. 可笑的，荒谬的belief n.
15、 相信，信赖，信仰 reasonable adj.合理的，通情达理的track v. 追踪 n.轨道，足迹 demonstrated证明，展示，论证 The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Googles (31) B promising 【首先此处在名词所有格后面，应该是名词，注意考虑名词时，动名词不要漏掉】 to deal with them. But are we really
16、 so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if its (32) E shared 【此处首先要看出it是指代news,从时态来看，s应该是is的缩写。由后面的enough times可是推出一定不是形容词，而是动词+ed的被动形式，然后根据意思选择一个过去分词】 enough times.In the months running up to跑到，达到，积累到the US elect
17、ion there was a surge(大浪）in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories【词组：the top story 头条】in circulation (33) A overtook 【此处缺谓语动词，从上句时态来看是一般过去时，再由前面的stories,可以看出是两类头条之间的对比】 the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horn
18、er, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites 网站were picked up by Trump supporters all the timeHis followers 追随者dont fact-check anything - theyll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.华盛顿邮报Silverman previously
19、 (34) J tracked 【由后面的and found可以看出此处为动词一般过去时，并列句中的动词有并列和递进两种关系，结合found的意思找出tracked】 rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使.相形见绌）those of the articles that exposed them.【译：对假消息的分享和社会互动胜过对揭露假消息文章的分享和社会互动。】According to Silve
20、rman, fake news stories are engineered 设计，策划，精明处理to appeal to 引起.;要求；呼吁;向.上诉peoples hopes and fears, and arent (35) F controlled 【首先看清本句是and引导并列句，结构一致，由are engineered推出此处为过去分词，再结合并列递进关系根据意思推出controlled】 by reality, which gives them the edge 优势；边缘in creating shareable content.You might think youre im
21、mune免疫的 to falling for these lies, but a wealth of 很多的，大量的（修饰可数或不可数名词）research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36) H reasonable 合理的，有道理的 【此处由系动词sounds可知，为形容词，再结合前句，最终确定为reasonable】 it sounds”. They suggested认为；建议；暗示 this means that a rumour
22、born out 源于 of mild suspicion不过分的怀疑；半信半疑的 can, by gaining currency流通；货币, shift public thinking and opinion.【整段翻译：你可能认为你对陷入这些谎言欺骗具有免疫力，但是大量的研究证明你是错的。在十九世纪四十年代，研究人员发现流言传播的越多，听起来越合理。他们认为这意味着源于半信半疑的流言通过流转能够转变大众的想法和观点。】This false impression of truth was (37) K demonstrated 论证 【此处有两种可能，一是动词的被动，一是形容词。由when
23、后面的意思来确定最终的demonstrated.】 practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed 进行测验 college students on the actuality 事实of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38) C likelihood 可能
24、性 【确定下是名词，再根据of后面的意思来确定likelihood】 of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely副词，很可能 to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated. “Our research suggests that false news can an
25、d likely does affect peoples (39) G beliefs 信念 【名词所有格后面应该是名词，再根据peoples这个定语人们所有的，来确定下beliefs】 . Even if people are conscious意识到的that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy可靠的，可信赖的,” Fazio says.Reassuringly安慰地，令人安慰地, the team found that a persons knowledge s
26、till has a large influence over their beliefs, but its still a worrying (40) I trend 趋势 【由前面冠词推出此处为名词，并且是单词，再在名词中根据意思确定下来】 given that 假定；考虑到falsehoods 说慌；假话appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds 新闻供应every day.II. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there ar
27、c four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Two key climate change indicators指标，指示物 global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent 范围，程度 have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA 美国宇航局a
28、nalyses of ground-based陆基的；以地面为基础的observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41) B respective单独的，各自的 【此处是由前面each来决定出来的】 month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42) C dates back to追溯到【此处由后面的宾语1880年份推出来的】1880,according to scientis
29、ts at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planets warmest half-year on record, with a(n)(43) A average平均的【因为是6个月中取值，一定是平均值】 temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth centur
30、y.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44) B witness见证 【主语是时间，根据四个选项与主语的搭配，确定witness.】 the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice (45) D extent定期的，有规律的【此处在文章第二行早有出现过ice extent】 since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developed by scientists at NASAs Goddard Spa
31、ce Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_D exception 例外_【前面都在说最高级，本句出现the second smallest,最终确定下exception】_, March, recorded the second smallest for that month.（47） A while尽管，虽然【由后一句的more读出是让步状语从句】these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is m
32、ore significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48) C concentrations浓度，集中，浓缩，专注【此处既是rise提高的宾语，又是后面气体修饰的中心词，根据意思推出concentrations】 of heat-trapping吸收热量的 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 and other greenhouse gases温室气体 in the atmosphere. The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season 酷热的夏季 now typically (49) B covers覆盖 【由后面的百分比推出covers】 40 percent less area than it did in the late
