1、英语句子分类之简单句并列句和复合句 英语句子结构分类英语句子结构分类：简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。The accident happened yesterday afternoonOur English teacher is thirty years old.He put the dictionary in the backpack.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.She kept the d
2、oor open.My classmates and friends all received my Christmas cards and thanked me very much.2.并列句: 由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。如：Come here and Ill help you. 请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。并列连词：一、表转折的并列连词 主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等二、表选择的并列连词 主要 or (或者，还是，否则), either, or (不是、就是), neither,
3、 or,(既不、也不) otherwise (要不然)等。三、表联合的并列连词 主要有 and, not only, but also,(不但,而且 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。四、表因果的并列连词 主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。并列句例句：1. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _but_prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. 2. My mother
4、 wants to decorate our rooms in a modem look_while_my father prefers a traditional style. 3. It was time for her to have a new baby, _and_it was also time for the young panda to independent. 4. He is a shy man，_but/yet_he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析：But/yet转折连词。5. Give me a chance,_and_
5、Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 6. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _so_plants can spread to new places. 7.Make up your mind, or/otherwise you will miss the valuable chance.3.复合句：又称为主从复合句，是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，从句需要有一个从属连词（如that/what/why/how/if等）
6、引导，修饰说明主句或主句中的某个词或短语，不能独立存在。从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句4种）、和状语从句（包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果、目的、比较9种）。 定语从句基础句子The boy who is reading is Tom.Hospital is a place where a doctor works.A person who steals things is called a thief.I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nan
7、jing.This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.定语从句提高版1. She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived3. Like anything，it is
8、possible to have too much fat and salt， which _ is not good for the health.4. In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，_ which _ is on the rooftop of their house.5.Zheng He had over 300 ships, some of which were over 150 meters long and could carry up to 1,000 p
9、eople. 郑和有300多艘船，其中一些150多米长，能载多达1，000人。6. Around me in the picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.7. Sarah，_ who _has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.8. Some pe
10、ople think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， _ who _ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.9.All this means that companies will require people who are flexible and can work on their own. 所有这些都意味着公司需要的将是富有灵活性和能够独立工作的员工。10. Many young people, most ofwhom w
11、ere well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.11.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.解析：which句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的the basic processes，所以介词by后面用which。12.Some experts think rea
12、ding is the fundamental skill upon _which_ school education depends.解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。13.Self-driving is an area _where_China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.14.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atm
13、osphere _where_ his employees enjoy their work.【 答 案与解析】 where句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。15.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of _ whose _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.解析：whose考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，它的目的之一就是缓解全球饥饿。根据先行词“the Wo
14、rld Food Programme”和“purpose”间的所属关系，故用whose。16.The books on the desk，_whose_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，_和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。句子主干：The books on the desk are prizes for us 17. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ship
15、s, of which only 14 made it to Greenland. 埃里克再次起航，这次带着25艘船，其中只有14艘船成功到达格陵兰。18.He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _which_ were published in the 1990s.解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是childrens books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。19. We will put off the picnic in the park until nex
16、t week，_ when _ the weather may be better.【 答 案与解析】 when句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词next week，故用when引导。20. The number of smokers， _ as _is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【 答 案与解析】 as句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”。as is rep
17、orted既可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。21. I am looking forward to the day _ when_ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.【 答 案与解析】 when句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的the day；从句缺少时间状语，故填when。22. Students should involve themselves in community activities_ where _ they can
18、 gain experience for growth.【 答 案与解析】 where句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。23.I am not the same kind of person as you are.我可不是和你一类的人。（as在从句中作表语）24.You may take the same bus as we take.你可乘坐我们坐的同一辆大巴。（as在从句中作宾语）25.As you know, we n
19、eed to hurry up.大家知道，我们需要加快速度。26. I dont know the reason why/for which he didnt come to school yesterday.27. As it turned out ,I loved every minute of the class.As引导的非限制性定语从句位置即可以位于句首，也可以位于句中或者句末。名词性从句按照类别单句that引导主语从句1.That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure. 2.That the stor
20、m will continue makes the public worried3. It suddenly occurred to Rose that she hadnt turned off the TV after leaving the room. (It作形式主语，正在的主语从句是that she hadnt turned off the TV after leaving the room.) 4. It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(It作形式主语，正在的主语从句
21、是that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.) 5. As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident that therere two with the same name who look completely different.当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。6. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.你错过了这么精彩的
22、演讲真遗憾。7.It is announced in todays newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week.今天报纸上宣称总统下周要对中国进行访问。 8. It is believed that children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning人们认为，小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。(It作形式主语，正在的主语从句是that children should learn to be responsible from the very
23、 beginning) 9. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.10. That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.that引导宾语从句 1. I truly believe that beauty comes from within. 2. Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 3. Why dont you brin
24、g it to his attention that you are too ill to work on? it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。 4. We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。5. Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.（词句为介词后宾语从句）汤姆
25、是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。6. I am glad that everything is all right. （形容词后的宾语从句）注意：动词后连个宾语从句的时候，第一个宾语从句引导词that可以省略，第二个宾语从句引导词不可以省略。He said he had eaten nothing, and that he was hungry.Most parents fear computer games will prevent their children from studying hard and that their children will fail in the exam
26、ination.that引导表语从句1.The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.3. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。4. What is known to us is that the moon t
27、ravels around the earth every month.5. My suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.That引导同位语从句（仅需要了解即可）that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。He has made a promise to his boss that hel
28、l return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.他向他老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会三天后回来。what引导名词性从句what引导主语从句 1. What David used to say was always new and worth hearing and all his pupils loved him. 2. What makes the book so special is the name of the writer. 3. What impresses me about his
29、 painting is the colors he uses. 4. What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 5. What is important is that we let others know we care about them.解析考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，系动词is前的句子缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”要用what。 6. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many other
30、s.意思：一些人看作是缺点的东西却被许多其他的人看作优点.7. What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.解析本题考查主语从句。句意：这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句，其中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what。What引导宾语从句1.Im interested in what youve said. (介词后的宾语从句)2. Tina is much more confident behind the wheel than what she was
31、 when she started. (介词后的宾语从句)3. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知，此处要用what来引导。4. Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.解析句意：读了多丽丝莱辛的传记，我很钦佩她在文学上获得的成就。考查名词性从句。考查宾语从句的连接词。在介词for后的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。(介词后的宾语从句)5. Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.解析考查名词性从句。句意：跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，
