1、高中英语 语法考点一遍过 第1辑 冠词 名词代词形容词和副词介词和介词短语专题一 冠专题一 冠词考点一不定冠词1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。In a university，a European and a oneeyed man walked along a oneway road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。An hour ago，an honest man accepted
2、an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。When the Ashleys tried to mak
3、e her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多塞奇威克的律师。4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的
4、包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示再一，又一。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有每的概念。The medicine is to be taken three times a day.这药每天吃三次。7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。You had bette
5、r go to the factory and have a look.你最好到厂里去看一看。8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。【口诀助记】泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；物质抽象表“一场”，so加形容再跟“a”；可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。考点二定冠词1.用在名词前表示特指。Did you enjo
6、y yourself yesterday?Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.你昨天玩得开心吗？是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。Do you know who invented the telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗？3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？4.用于
7、集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。Many of the injured are still in danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by
8、height等。Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.Right，he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。the east 东部play the piano 弹钢琴【口诀助记】特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提
9、及。世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。考点三零冠词1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Camb
10、ridge.这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。A year can be divided into four seasons spring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.天下没有免费的午餐。5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用
11、冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.【口诀助记】名词复数泛指人，冠词用法是个零。专有、物质、抽象名，泛指时候冠不行。含有day的节假日，不用冠词莫忘记。季节月份星期几，不用冠词有道理。三餐饭和打球前，不用冠词理当然。名词前边已有代，不用冠词也无碍。固定词组多注意，用与不用小心记。称呼头衔不用冠，总共八条切莫乱。他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。考点四 冠词的位置 1. 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，
12、half， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在a
13、s，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2.定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。题组一1.（2016浙江）_prize
14、for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a2.（2015陕西） more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 3.（2015四川）5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. a B.
15、 an C. the D.不填4.（2015浙江）Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填 B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a; the5.（2015重庆）I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the6.（2
16、014重庆）I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village. A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /7.（2014天津）Life the like _ ocean; Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a8.（2014江西）They chose Tom to be _captain of the team
17、 because they knew he was _smart leader.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 9.（2014陕西）_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a10.（2014浙江）The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into _ night.A. a; the B. the;不填 C.
18、 a; a D.不填；the题组二1.As we should know, animals are not necessarily _ lower form of life than _ man.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; / D./; /2.How do you like his plan?It may be great in _ theory, but how will it work in _ practice?A. the; the B./; / C. the; / D./; the3.We have every reason to believe that
19、 _ 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be _ great success.A./ ; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a4.Lily owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the; / B. a; / C. a; the D./; the5._ headmaster Smith is quite good at painting and it is said that he is _ Picasso.A. The; / B./;
20、a C./;/ D. The; a6.What _great fun it is to play with computer games!Dont you think its _waste of time?A. a; a B./;a C./; the D. the; the7.The woman has _ complete absence of small talk. As a consequence, she acted as if she hadnt recognized me and didnt make _sound.A./; a B. a; a C. the;/ D. a; the
21、8. China you see today is powerful and fast-developing country, quite different from what it used to be.A. The; a B. The; the C. 不填; a D. 不填; the9.In 1778, Banks was elected _ president of the Royal Society, _position he held for 42 years.A./, the B. the, / C. the, the D./, a10.I am not fond of _ mu
22、sic very much, but I do like _ music they are dancing to.A.不填; 不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D.不填; the题组三语篇填空(用a/an/ the填空)There once was a king who offered _1_ prize to _2_artist who would paint _3_ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all _4_ pictures. But there were only two
23、he really liked，and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was _5_ perfect picture of peace.The other picture had
24、 mountains，too. But these were rugged (崎岖的) and bare. Above was _6_angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down _7_side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming (水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind _8_ waterfall a tiny
25、 bush growing in a crack (裂缝) in the rock. In the bush _9_ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water，sat the mother bird on her nestin perfect peace.The king chose _10_second picture.题组一1.D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指获胜者的奖品，用定冠词，第二空是泛指一个两周的假期，用不定冠词a
26、。故选D。2.A【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用the +比较级， the +比较级句型，所以选A。【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：the +比较级， the +比较级句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。3.A【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择A。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。4.D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指
27、，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。5.C 【解析】句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。 【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为任何一个，任一 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。 6.A【解析】去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多，不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。A项正确。7.A【解析】句意：生活就像一片海；只有那些意
28、志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean海洋，是可数名词，又是元音开头，所以用an；strong-willed是形容词，前面用the 表一类。又如。the injured伤员。故选A。 8.C 【解析】Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因此C选项正确。句意为 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。9.A【解析】考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句，故应是特指，用the；第二空表示一个城镇，故填不定冠词a。故选A。10.A 【解析】第一空a表示每一；into the night到深夜；句意：我
29、的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七天，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。【名师点睛】考生做题时要保持清醒的头脑，准确猜摸出题人意图。week是普通的可数名词，就可以用a修饰， into the night是约定俗成的短语，就算考试时考生不能详细阐述该理由，但是根据以往做题见到的句子、用法，可以发散思维，准确选出答案，没必要在考场死扣某一题原理，这在平时就需要大量的英语阅读、做题，才能厚积薄发。题组二1.C 【解析】考查冠词。form（形式），本为抽象名词，题干中form前出现形容词修饰，因此具体化为可数名词，且表达一种生命形式,所以要用不定冠词a；man，专指人类时，其前不用冠词。句意：正像我们知道
30、的，动物并不是一种必定比人类稍低的生命形式。故选C。2.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：你觉得他的计划怎么样?可能从理论上来说是很好，但在实践中它会起作用吗？in theory理论上，从理论上看；in practice在实践中；实际上。故选B。3.C 【解析】考查冠词。这里特指2022年的冬季奥运会，所以用定冠词；success可以用作可数名词，指一个成功的人或一件成功的事。句意：我们有理由相信2016年的奥运会将会是成功的。故选C。4.B 【解析】考查冠词。a collection of +名词的复数是常用结构，意为一批，一些；许多的；第二空后的名词泛指书籍，用a larger collection of来修饰，指许多书，因此不用冠词。故选B。5.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：史密斯校长很擅长绘画，据说他是一个毕加索。headmaster, monitor, chairma
