1、全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题和答案2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answermay be a resounding yes! _1_ helping you feel clos
2、e and _2_to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of healthbenefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might evenhelp you _4_ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5_ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University inPennsylvani
3、a examined the effects of perceived social support and the receiptof hugs _6_ the participants susceptibility to developing the common coldafter being _7_ to the virus. People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come _8_ with a cold, and the researchers _9_ thatthe stress-reducin
4、g effects of hugging _10_ about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect. _11_ among those who got a cold, theones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs hadless severe _12_.Hugging protects people who are under stress fromthe _13_ risk for colds thats usually _14_ with stress, n
5、otesSheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is a markerof intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_difficulty.Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often calledthe bonding hormone _18_ i
6、t promotes attachment inrelationships, including that between mothersand their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower partof the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it_19_ in the brain, where it _20_ mood, behavior and physiology.1. ABesides B
7、Unlike CThroughout DDespite2. Aequal Brestricted Cconnected Dinferior3. Aview Bhost Clesson Dchoice4. Aavoid Bforget Crecall Dkeep5. Acollecting Baffecting Cguiding Dinvolving6. Aon Bin Cat Dof7.Adevoted Battracted Clost Dexposed8. Aalong Bacross Cdown Dout9. Aimagined Bdenied Cdoubted Dcalculated10
8、. Aserved Brestored Cexplained Drequired11. AThus BStill CRathe DEven12. Adefeats Bsymptoms Cerrors Dtests13. Ahighlighted Bincreased Ccontrolled Dminimized14. Apresented Bequipped Cassociated Dcompared15. Aassess Bgenerate Cmoderate Drecord16. Ain the name of B in the form of C in the face of D in
9、the way of17. Aattribute Bcommit Ctransfer Dreturn18. Aunless Bbecause Cthough Duntil19. Aremains Bemerges Cvanishes Ddecreases20. Aexperiences Bcombines Cjustifies DinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choo
10、sing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are wil
11、ling to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in retur
12、n undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake
13、and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much
14、 more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening
15、lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck pro
16、gram. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCh
17、eck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Co
18、ngress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
19、21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_.A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following
20、contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_.A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faste
21、r.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_.A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreChec
22、k a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astrono
23、my in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connect
24、s the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to
25、 telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers
26、. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a li
27、ving culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Ca
28、lls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to cha
