1、英语考研真题完美修订版 附答案2010年考研英语真题及解析2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bland and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experi
2、ments at a telephone parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity. Indeed, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extremely influential idea the very 3 to being experimented upon changed s
3、ubjects behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments their hourly out put rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8
4、that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity w
5、ere related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happened 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for
6、 the next couple of days 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthor
7、ne effect” is hard to pin down.1.A affected B achieved C extracted D restored 2.A at B up C with Doff3.A truth B sight C act D proof4.A controversial B perplexing C mischievous D ambiguous5.A requirements B explanations C accounts D assessments6.A conclude B matter C indicate D work7.Aas far as B fo
8、r fear that C in case that D so long as8.A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9.A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10.A about B for C on D by11.A compared B shown C subjected D conveyed12.A Contrary to B Consistent with C Parallel with D Peculiar to13.A evidence B guidance C implic
9、ation D source14.A disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleading 15.A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16.Aduty B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenly 17.Afailed B ceased C started D continued18.ATherefore BFurthermore CHowever DMeanwhile 19.Aattempted Btended Cchose Dinte
10、nded20.A breaking B climbing C surpassing D hitting Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Reading the following four texts, answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-l
11、anguage newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts
12、criticism could be found in most bit-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed
13、suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament
14、 to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Sh
15、aw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were a out. These men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press. So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, Newman wrote, that I am tempted to
16、 define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are. Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on
17、the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in pri
18、nt, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian p
19、rose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspaper
20、s retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by A free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably
21、 agree on?A It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His mus
22、ic criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Hori
23、zon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation
24、strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case
25、 is known, is “a very big deal”, says DennisD Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with
26、 is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transac
27、tions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the
28、legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal
29、circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series o
30、f recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at
31、the supreme court”, says Harold C.Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of A their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocationC the possible restriction on their grantingD the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its ruling complies with the court decisionsB It involves a very big business transactionC It has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitD It may c
