1、八升九英语衔接暑期新九年级英语新初三英语第16讲 阅读理解之推断题讲义含练习答案学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级： 八升九 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题阅读理解之推断题学习目标1.掌握阅读理解推断题的解题技巧；2.能在具体文章中灵活运用技巧解决推断问题；3.通过分析推断让学生感悟事物间不是彼此孤立而是互相联系的。 教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、 互动探索教学建议：1 建议采取竞赛PK的形式，看谁能在最短的时间内得出答案并给出答案的依据；2 两道题都是和推理判断相关，由此引出本节课的主题阅读推断题。 Question 1：John was 15 years old 15 years
2、 ago. Then how old will he be 15 years later?约翰15年前是15岁，那么15年后他所少岁？KEY: 45 Question 2：A London cab driver picked up a lady who was a notorious chatterbox. He did not want to engage in conversation, so he pretended to be deaf and dumb. He pointed to his mouth and ears to indicate that he could neithe
3、r speak nor hear .After she alighted, he pointed to the meter so that she could see how much she owed. She paid him and walked off. Then she realized that he could not have been a deaf mute. How did she know?一伦敦出租车司机为一位话多的女士服务,但他不想和她谈话,他就指着自己的嘴和耳朵证明他耳聋、哑巴,到地方他指着里程表,她就能看到应该付多少钱了,她付完就离开了,然而她意识到：他不是哑巴,
4、她怎么知道的呢?key：He must have heard intial instructions or he would not have known where to take her.知识名称【知识梳理1】1.推断题的出题方式你对下面的这些问题应该不会感到陌生吧？ What can you infer from the passage？ The writer implies that What can you conclude from the passage? What will the next paragraph talk about？【知识梳理2】2. 推断题型及解题思路(1)
5、 数据事实推断： 解答此类题，关键是要捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。【例题精讲】例1.No one is laughing now. Since Volkswagen took control in 1991, Skoda has been transformed by German techniques (and $2 billion cash) into Europes fastest-growing manufacturer. Turnover(销售额) has jumped nine-fold
6、 in the past decade, and 81 percent of last years 450,000 new Skodas went to foreign buyers. This week the new Superb sedan（超级轿车）- aimed at big-spending business types-goes on display at the Frankfurt Motor Show.Question: How many Skodas were sold to foreign buyers last year? A .450,000 B. 364,500 C
7、. 171, 000 D. 85,500Key: B. 例2：SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.*A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.Question: If 5-day tickets were
8、 to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225. B. $300. C. $360. D. $420.Key: C(2) 细节推断题细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出结论的一种推断方法。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关的背景知识有一个充分的理解。【例题精讲】例1：A visitor v
9、isits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking onl
10、y one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, He said he lives on the western side of the island.Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?Question 1. According to the m
11、essengers answer, the visitor can conclude that_A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the
12、messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. Key: AQuestion 2.The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island
13、. B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth. D. He cant be telling the truth.Key: D（3） 因果推断题逻辑结论是指根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要求进行推断。【例题精讲】例1：When the young waitress near my house star
14、ted saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?Question1. The
15、 writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with himQuestion2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he often went to v
16、isit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much解析: 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩天天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。（4）人物性格、态度及观点判定题中考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人
17、物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：1）由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。2）特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。【例题精讲】例1：A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday,
18、“Thats right, said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world. They re all dead.“Well sir, said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I cant see why you s
19、houldnt. You look fit and healthy to me!Question: What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant. C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very impolite to young people.解析: 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你似乎还很健康呀！）表现了老人对
20、自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。（5）.猜测想象推理题有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。【例题精讲】例1：We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving compl
21、icated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks f
22、rom us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.HoweverQuestion :Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Computers are as clever as ma
23、n.C. Many people like computers very much.D.I dont think computers will replace us completely.解析: 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。（6）.写作意图推测题此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
24、【例题精讲】例：Imagine that the genome (基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles.
25、 If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube.Question :The real purpose of the authors comparison of the genome to a book
26、 is_.A. to focus on the differences between the twoB. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the twoC. to simplify the concept of the human genomeD. to give an exact description of the human genome解析: “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。（7）常识推断：有些时候，文章里并没有提供任何可据以推断的
27、材料，或虽有提供，但却不足以推出正确的未知事实。这时便须根据平常积累的有关知识来进行推断。【例题精讲】 例：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)-that is, it will break
28、 easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it bec
29、omes. Annealing can also be used on other mate rivals, such as glass. Question: Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle解析：从文中“by dipping it in water，it will be very hard but also very brittle.”这一信息还不足以推出正确答案。然后根据物理常识，在制造
30、各种工具时，往往采取淬火这一工艺，其目的是使金属变硬以便制成锋利的工具。即可推出选项A为正确答案。注意事项11.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验;2.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案;3.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案;4.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案;5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案;6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比
31、如作者在形容词前用了too, rather则常带有否定的口气;7.某些过渡词(例如：however, but, on the contrary, whats more，fortunately，Of cause,)后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度注意事项2推断题出题陷阱： 文章中没有提及，纯属主观臆断。 是文章中的直接内容，不是根据推理得出的。 符合常识，但是不是文章所要表达的内容。 与文章内容相反。基础题【巩固练习1】Most people who enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want to enjoy a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using film.Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not use traditional film. It captures images on videotape. Th
