1、学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionDiscoveringUsefulStructuresSection Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking基础知识 预习自检.重点词汇1erupt (vi.&vt.) (火山)爆发；(岩浆)喷出eruption (n.) 喷发，爆发2survive (vi.) 生存；存活 (vt.) 幸存；艰难度过survival (n.) 幸存；残存物survivor (n.) 幸存者3power (n.) 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力powerful (adj.)
2、 强大的；权力大的4calm (adj.) 镇静的；沉着的calmly (adv.) 镇静地；沉着地calmness (n.) 平静；沉静5in_the_open_air 露天；在户外6first_aid_kit 急救箱7on_hand 现有(尤指帮助).教材原句1The couple _ (住在我们隔壁) volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.(教材P52)答案：who live next to us2Here are some of the people _ (家园被摧毁) by the typhoon.(教材P52)答案：whose
3、homes were destroyed3The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ (那些睡着的)(教材P52)答案：who were asleep4Several days later, most of the buildings _ (那些被毁坏的) by the hurricane were repaired.(教材P52)答案：which had been damaged5The woman wrote a thankyou letter to the soldier by _ (救助她的那个人)(教材P
4、52)答案：whom she was rescued6Whats _ (救援工作人员) doing？(教材P52)答案：the rescue worker7Shes feeding the baby _ (在地震中幸存的)(教材P52)答案：who survived the earthquake8_ (拨打紧急号码)(教材P53)答案：Call an emergency number9If you find yourself _ (处于的危险中) a forest fire, first of all, stay calm.(教材P53)答案：in danger from10We would
5、suggest always _ (在手边存留) enough water and food for three days.(教材P53)答案：having on hand重点知识 合作探究As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。These players have to survive_on their abilities. 这些运动员得靠能力才能不被淘汰。This tradition survived_from earlier times.这个传统是从早年留存
6、下来的。Officials said there were no survivors of the plane crash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。单句语法填空I dont know how you all manage to survive _ your small salary.After the plane crash, what the _ (survive) could do was wait for rescue on this desert island.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be
7、 little chance of _ (survive)答案：onsurvivorssurvival(2017全国卷)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down.我把小鸟放到窝里，它很快平静了下来。Try to keep_calm and just tell me what happened.镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。We admired his calmness under pressure.我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。(1)单句语法填空The most important thing is to keep _ (ca
8、lm) whatever happens.答案：calm(2)单句写作在紧急情况下，我们应该保持镇静，这点至关重要。We should _ in case of emergency, which matters much.答案：calm ourselves downHe was breathing only with_the_aid_of a ventilator.他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come_to_her_aid.如果那些
9、好心人不来帮助她，她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。 Whats this little handle in_aid_of?这个小把手有什么用？(1)单句语法填空Neighbours aided him _ money when he almost lost everything in the fire.We are collecting money _ aid of the people who have lost their homes.答案：within(2)一句多译在一位路人的帮助下，她设法走到了警察局求助。_ a passerby, she managed to walk to the
10、police station for help. (aid n)_ a passerby, she managed to walk to the police station for help. (aid v)答案：With the aid ofAided byLuckily, the volunteers had several ships on_hand,_which could take the people to the safety.幸运的是，志愿者手上还有几艘船，可以把人们转移到安全的地方。In a word, we should on_the_one_hand study har
11、d, and on_the_other_hand,_pay attention to our health. 总之，一方面我们要努力学习，另一方面要注意我们的健康。She always had a great deal of work in_hand,_but no one ever heard her complain.她手头总有许多工作要做，但从没有人听到她发过怨言。In the days to come he will walk hand_in_hand with us. 在未来的日子里，他会跟我们手拉手一起走。单句写作一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一
12、些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。_， I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and _， I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.随时都有急诊服务，并提供医疗咨询。The emergency services were _ with medical advice.答案：On the one hand; on the other handon handGrammar定语从句()单句语法填空1(2018北京高考)A resc
13、ue worker risked his life saving two tourists _ had been trapped in the mountains for two days.答案：who2The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train.答案：which3The film _ we saw last night is very frightening.答案：that/which4Your sister is the person _ you should care
14、about.答案：who/whom5The number of people _ were killed or injured during the earthquake reached 2 thousand.答案：that/who1在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl who wan
15、ts to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is Rose.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语)3whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系， whose在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help fr
16、om the government.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语)4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、
17、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用 which。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)1先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the most delicious food that
18、I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing，none等时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.
19、我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books that you
20、bought is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？ (1)单句语法填空The first thing _ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.Is this the teacher _ rescued several students from the burning building?I bought a new computer _ price added up to more than 5,000 yuan.She told me everything _ s
21、he had heard of.答案：thatwho/thatwhosethat(2)用定语从句连接两个句子(使用关系代词)Last week Mary wore the dress. Her father bought it for her._I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music._The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. It contains important information._答案：Last week Mary wore the dress th
22、at/which her father bought for her.I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.The old man likes reading the newspaper which/that contains important information every day.学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1Its reported that the _ (台风) will land tomorrow morning. 答案：typhoon2This _ (管子) connects with a sm
23、aller one.答案：pipe3She _ (轻敲) the table with her fingers.答案：tapped4The electricity _ (供应) had been cut off.答案：supply5Theyve switched off the _ (电力供应)答案：power.选词填空1Mr Blakes secretary is always _ when he appears in public. 答案：on hand2This door should only be used _.答案：in an emergency3Most families hav
24、e a _ in their car and another at home. 答案：first aid kit4Several buildings in the town have _ medieval times.答案：survived from5This piece is not suitable to be played _. 答案：in the open air.单句写作1唐山再次发生了几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震。Another quake _ as strong as the first one shook Tangshan again.答案：which/that was almo
25、st2军队组织了一些小组去挖掘那些被困者并埋葬死者。The army organized teams to dig out _ and to bury the dead.答案：those who were trapped3为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。Many shelters were set up for _ had been destroyed.答案：those whose homes4地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏，这对旅行是不安全的。The earthquake did great damage to the bridges, _ for travelling.答案：which w
26、as not safe51976年唐山发生的地震震惊了全世界。The earthquake _ in 1976 in Tangshan shocked the people all over the world.答案：which happened课后课时作业完形填空Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are _1_ weak to feel. During a _2_ earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth _
27、3_ terribly and many houses _4_ down. Railway tracks break and trains go _5_ lines; a great many factories are _6_； thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes . _7_ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake _8_， other disasters such as fires often _9_. More buildings are des
28、troyed and more _10_ caused.It is well known of the _11_ of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2,000 years ago, _12_， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng _13_ a machine which could find out from which _14_ the seismic (地震的) waves had come, and this machine is still _15_ by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and _16_ they happen, but we still cannot _17_ exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot _18_ it from happening. So earthquakes are among the _19_ disasters in the worl
