1、不锈钢钢材机械外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译外文原文：Stainless Steel Petro-chemical industry with its own production of some of the features, such as its operating temperature range, low-temperature conditions up to -196 , temperatures can reach more than 500 ; operating pressure there is external pressure, vacuum, atmospher
2、ic pressure, medium pressure, high pressure, ultra-high pressure (more than 100MPa); In addition, the operating environment in the medium complexity, such as the existence of corrosion, wear and tear, and flammable, explosive, toxic and other solid, gaseous, liquid and a variety of mixed media chlor
3、ide, sulfide and other salt category. Therefore, the petrochemical industry in the use of stainless steel, the requirements of stainless steel has strong corrosion resistance, including anti-chloride, sulfide and other corrosive salts; resistant to high temperature and low temperature performance. A
4、mong them, the petrochemical plant at 500 600 , the equipment and pipe materials in general to choose a variety of austenitic stainless steel-based, such as 304H, 316,321, such as austenitic stainless steel has been widely used; and for oil exploration, the development of the field of stainless stee
5、l with anti-called carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide corrosion properties. At present, Chinas crude oil exploration, development is mainly used in 3Cr, 9Cr, 13Cr, super 13Cr and containing more than Cr22 stainless steel thick-walled, non-magnetic drill collar and drill pipe. At present, Chinas petroc
6、hemical industry in the stainless steel variety of choice, in general to 304 mainly, steel plate thickness of 6 to 22 millimeters, the main polymer used in the construction of storage tanks, heat exchanger shell. In addition, some pieces of the use of reactor tower 316L, TP347, etc., the thickness o
7、f 2 6 mm. Glacial acetic acid and liquid delivery vehicles (train tanker) General use of 304 and 306 plate. In addition, production of the device because of the existence of urea carbamate amine condensate, a highly corrosive, generally stripper, separation, and the use of 316L stainless steel conde
8、nser. On the stainless steel clad plate, such plate mainly used in oil refining equipment reaction tower, commonly used for 20R +0 Cr13AL, 16MnR +0 Cr13AL, 20R +0 Cr13 such. Due to the substrate, rehabilitation materials and production methods, equipment limitations, domestic composite steel plate t
9、hickness, length far from being able to fully meet the demands of the petrochemical industry. In addition, the domestic stainless steel plate splicing, heat treatment, testing and other means yet to be improved. As a result of a wide range of stainless steel, petrochemical industry, currently used f
10、or the type of austenitic stainless steel, of which 304 brands of stainless steel plate, tube forgings largest amount, 316,304 L, 316L of the plate, tube, forging a larger amount, ASTM standard TP321, TP347, TP316 brands of boiler tubes, heat exchanger is also gradually increasing dosage. In additio
11、n, a special two-way stainless steel as a result of corrosion resistance, Chiang Kai-shek in the petrochemical industry has been rapid promotion and use, of which two-way gradually increasing the amount of stainless steel tubes. At present, Chinas petrochemical industry in the use of stainless steel
12、 is about 70,000 tons, of which stainless steel plate (8 mm or more) the amount of approximately 10,000 tons, stainless steel composite plate is about 15,000 tons, stainless steel seamless steel tube is about 40,000 tons , stainless steel pipe is about 5000 tons. Domestic stainless steel in the petr
13、ochemical field of application of the reasons for not widespread At present, the domestic stainless steel in the petrochemical field of application is not extensive, mainly in the following reasons: First, do not support the issue of standards. Chinas petrochemical industry has been formed to meet t
14、he development needs of the standard system; at home and abroad for high-pressure, high-sulfur, carbon dioxide high three high natural gas production equipment, material smelting, manufacturing, testing, testing technology subsidiary norms and standards is still incomplete. Second, product problems.
15、 In this regard, mainly stainless steel plate, tube, forging, welding material is not matching. Third, the issue size. Domestic metallurgical industry needs of the petrochemical industry in the thick wide board, large-diameter, thick-walled steel pipe production capacity is very limited. Fourth, qua
16、lity issues, product quality stainless steel tube instability. Fifth, research and development problems. New varieties of the domestic stainless steel R & D and production is still unable to meet the petrochemical industrys development needs. In addition, the stainless steel research, production and
17、 exchange of information between users of the existence of the problem poor. As a result of these factors, the need for stainless steel and petrochemical industries there are many varieties of domestic enterprises can not provide, such as four meters wide of the heavy plate production in China is no
18、t yet, there are many forms of stainless steel equipment is imported. In addition, domestic enterprises in product development with foreign enterprises is still lagging behind compared to, for example, some steel companies in Europe every year to launch a dozen new varieties of stainless steel, and
19、Chinese enterprises in this respect, the work is not enough. The five major trends in the petrochemical proposed new requirements for stainless steel The future of Chinas petrochemical industry will move towards the top five trends in the development of stainless steel products and higher requiremen
20、ts. First of all, the future of Chinas oil and gas field exploration and development efforts will further increase. Such as carbon dioxide will be injected back underground ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve the oil recovery rate. At the same time, Chinas natural gas exploration and
21、 development efforts will be greater than the crude oil exploration and development, and to the high sulfur content, carbon dioxide area development (16% hydrogen sulfide content, carbon dioxide content of about 8%), and will further deepen the depth of wells, land Sham Tseng will exceed the 8000 me
22、ters. Second, the petrochemical plant will be large scale. Ethylene production of single device will exceed one million tons; refining single factory refining capacity more than 15 million tons; of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) production capacity of a single plant more than 800,000 tons; stainle
23、ss steel tanks to the large-scale development. The third is run petrochemical plant will be a long-term development, and gradually overhaul the current cycle of the transition to 3 years. Fourth, the petrochemical production will diversify the source of materials development. With the improvement of
24、 the requirements of environmental protection and energy consumption structure, using natural gas as raw materials of chemical industry is developing rapidly. As a result of natural gas at minus 160 can be achieved under the conditions of liquefaction, so the need for stainless steel storage and tra
25、nsportation equipment. In addition, as Chinas LNG imports increase in coastal areas need to receive large-scale construction, working capital and storage facilities, can be expected in this regard will be very large stainless steel consumption. These petrochemical industry development trend of stain
26、less steel products, specifications and varieties have put forward new demands. From anti-corrosion requirements, the petrochemical industry production device temperature, pressure, media are major changes have taken place, stainless steel used in a more harsh environment, anti-corrosion performance
27、 by a single change to the composite performance. In the processing performance, the requirements of stainless steel a higher intensity, better toughness, weldability and good processability. In geometry, the requirements of stainless steel products and high precision, width increased, large-diamete
28、r steel pipe, steel pipe wall thickness increased. In the standards, stainless steel production as soon as possible with international standards. In addition, the petrochemical industry as a result of each of wells, each set of conditions of service refining device there is a difference, related sta
29、inless steel production enterprises should be based on the actual situation in the provision of personalized services. In addition, with the increased usage of stainless steel, stainless steel used in economics is even more important. Therefore, the domestic iron and steel enterprises, especially th
30、e steel pipe industry should improve the technological content of products and value-added, high-end product market occupation. At present, many European steel is no longer the production of low value-added oil well pipes, and will focus entirely on high added-tube, the preparation for these high-en
31、d products occupied the Chinese market. ( Focus Recently, China Special Steel Enterprises stainless steel branch of Li Cheng, executive president of the stainless steel industry in talking about Chinas problems in the development pointed out that the stainless steel to replace imports from the side,
32、 although capacity has been able to achieve self-sufficiency, but in fact only part of to replace imports, it is necessary to fully or largely replaced by imports, but also depends on our variety and quality products can meet the various requirements. He also pointed out that the market of fake and
33、shoddy products that seriously endangers the users of stainless steel, it is proposed to increase the relevant departments the crackdown. Said Li Cheng, Chinas stainless steel production capacity from the already self-sufficiency can be achieved, but only a partial substitute for imports. Common market of the four
