1、版高考英语总复习高考语法与写作专题6非谓语动词教学案外研版专题六非谓语动词(一)语法讲练过知识关要点一非谓语动词作状语1分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news, they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players ma
2、y one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。2动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试
3、，他努力学习。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain you can run on soft surfaces, do exercise to _(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。答案strengthen2(2018北京卷改编)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members ofte
4、n gather together _(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意：在中秋节期间，家族成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。答案to share3(2017浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _(cook) a meal.解析本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意：16年前，Pahlsson摘掉钻戒去做饭。根据句意判断此处应用不定式表目的。答案to
5、cook4(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create) special designs.解析考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：技术娴熟的工人们为了创造出特殊的设计会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来。此处的“创造”表示“组合”的目的，故用不定式形式。答案to create5(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, _(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.解析考查现在分词作方式状语。people与use
6、之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。答案using.单句改错1(2016天津卷改编)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, made air conditioning unnecessary._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风通过我们卧室的窗户袭来，使得开空调变得没有必要。made在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且与句子主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。答案mademaking2(2016北京卷改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turn the old town
7、 into a dreamland._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境。句中已经有谓语动词且前后句间没有连词连接，故要用非谓语动词。动词turn与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。答案turnturning3(2015福建卷改编)Learnt more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an selective course._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好的学习中国文化，杰克已经决定把音乐当作一个选修课。句中已经有谓语动词且前后句
8、间没有连词连接，故要用非谓语动词。动词learn在此处作目的状语，故用不定式作目的状语。答案LearntTo learn4(2015重庆卷改编)To raise in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在这个贫穷的地方长大，他成为一名足球明星要有很长的路要走。此处应用过去分词作原因状语。答案To raiseRaised5(2014天津卷改编)Clearly and thoughtfully writing, the book insp
9、ires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：因为写的很清楚，这本书鼓舞了想要寻找答案的学生的自信。此处应用过去分词作原因状语。答案writingwritten要点二非谓语动词作定语1动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Have you got a letter
10、 to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗？2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。Th
11、e houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 开水3动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walking sticka stick for walking手杖a sleeping cara car for sleeping 卧铺车热点即训.单句语法填空1(2
12、018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.解析考查非谓语动词。while feeding its citizens是时间状语从句while it is feeding its citizens的省略结构。又可理解为此处的feed(养活)与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词
13、形式。答案feeding2(2018北京卷改编)Ordinary soap, _(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意：普通肥皂，如果正确使用，能有效地处理细菌。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用动词的非谓语形式作非限制性定语，与主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应填used。答案used3(2018江苏卷改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 hel
14、d by market analysts.解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意：这段时间大约13500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来，超过了市场分析人士预计的12000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填exceeding。答案exceeding4(2016全国卷改编)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit) to film a special unit caring for
15、pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。答案permitted5(2016四川卷)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _(eat)!解析不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。答案to eat.单句改错1(2018全国卷)Everyone was
16、 silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud._解析考查非谓语动词。此处表示伴随，且与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。答案waitwaiting2(2016浙江卷改编)A sudden stop can be a very frightened experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed._解析考查非谓语动词。此处应用v.ing形式来修饰experience。答案frightenedfrighteni
17、ng3(2015全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people to live in Shanghai and Hong Kong._解析考查非谓语动词。此处指住在上海和香港的人们。由于people和动词live之间是主谓结构，故应该使用living作定语修饰名词people，相当于定语从句who live in Shanghai and Hong Kong。答案to liveliving4(2015全国卷)Yangs
18、huo is really beautiful. A study of travelers conducting by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：阳朔真的很美。网站TripAdvisor进行的一项调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句子结构可知，应该使用过去分词作定语，表示被动关系，修饰名词study。答案conductingconducted5(2014大纲卷)Today there are more airpla
19、nes carried more people than ever before in the skies._解析考查非谓语动词。句意：今天与过去相比，有更多的飞机携带更多的人出行。根据句子结构可知，应该使用现在分词作定语，修饰名词airplanes。答案carriedcarrying要点三非谓语动词作补语1后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语宾语to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许ask询问；要求beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励permit准许 forbid禁止 force强
20、迫intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(
21、hear, listen to)，三让(let, have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。2非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形
22、式，以see为例：I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(2)使役动词make, let, have, get后接复合宾语的情况：make宾语The teacher made some students stay in the classroom
23、 after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。let宾语Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the work (be) done immediately.工作要马上去做。He had the fire burning all the night.他让火燃烧了一夜。He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。She got her bike run
24、ning very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。3动词leave, keep, find, catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(1)leave(2)keep(3)find(4)catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _(stay) and watch.解析考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定
25、用法。答案to stay2(2018天津卷改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _(take)解析考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看，本空在句中作宾补，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，因此填taken。答案taken3(2017全国卷)They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.解析
26、分析句子结构可知，此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构，再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。答案to process4(2017天津卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home.解析考查过去分词作状语。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词
27、。答案taken5(2015浙江卷改编)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.解析考查非谓语动词。hear sb./sth. being done“听到正在被”。答案being performed.单句改错1(2017江苏卷改编)I had noticed three hens run free in my hostess courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my tab
28、le._解析notice sb./sth. doing sth.表示“注意到某人/某物正在做”。答案runrunning2(2017北京卷改编)The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter box pushed open._解析根据语境可知，此处表示听见某事正在发生，因此应用现在分词作宾补；“her letter box”与push之间是动宾关系，所以应用being pushed表示正在进行的被动动作。答案在pushed前加being3(2014四川卷改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new
29、 products developing after great effort._解析考查非谓语动词。see sb. done“看到被”。答案developingdeveloped4(2018长春十一中期中)First, contact the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) at once and ask them stop the fake account at once._解析考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做”。答案在stop前加to5(2018龙泉中学、宜昌一中联考)You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts organizing, and how they understand things._解析考查非谓语动词。have sth. done“使得被做”。答案organizingorganized要点四非谓语动词作宾语1动词不定式作宾语(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。Please tell me when to start
