1、高考英语一轮复习Unit4Publictransport牛津译林版选修7Unit 4 Public transport课时练1阅读理解提速练学生用书P343(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2019呼和浩特调研)Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.Our
2、human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didnt have the fear to move on. This is because they have failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and dont let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psy
3、chology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.Risktaking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude h
4、as become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risktaking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe a
5、nd what humans enjoy.Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a spacecraft; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a
6、 company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking risks. It is all part of the game. Its one of the mo
7、st important parts of life.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文,通过介绍生活中充满冒险,告诉人们:没有冒险就没有收获。1Some people dont want to take risks, mainly because _Athey are too lazy to move onBthey feel pleased with the present lifeCthey have failed several times beforeDthey show little interest in the strange world outsideC解析:细节理解题。根据第二段
8、第二句“This is because they have failed a few times in their lives.”可知,一些人不想去冒险主要是因为他们曾经失败过几次。2What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 3 mean?ATaking risks.BFighting off enemies.CDiscovering new territories.DBecoming stronger and stronger.A解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Risktaking is a great advan
9、tage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories.”可知,冒险使得我们的祖先变得越来越强壮,使得他们能够击退敌人,发现新领地。画线部分所在句意为“这种态度已经成为我们现代文化的一部分”,由此可知,画线部分指的是冒险。3What can we infer from the passage?ADaily life is full of risks.BThe
10、safest place has the greatest risk.CPeople should take risks when they are young.DWe can always achieve our goals by taking risks.A解析:推理判断题。根据第四段可知,生活中充满了冒险。4What would be the title for the passage?ATaking Risks Is Easier Said than DoneBRisks Taken by AncestorsCLive Our Life to the FullestDNo Risk,
11、No GainD解析:标题归纳题。文章第一段提到当我们想要达到某个目标时,冒险对我们是有利的;又根据最后一段第一句“We need to take risks so that we can gain something.”可知,本文的主旨是“没有冒险就没有收获”。B(2019吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测)One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates among young people and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging
12、 and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population. Most young Japanese women simply dont seem interested in having many children.Now what began in Japan is happening globally. As David Brooks wrote, birth rates are becoming lower in much of the world, from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russian, where low birth
13、rates connected with high death rates mean the population is already shrinking. And this includes the US, which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a larger resource of young workers.Its tru
14、e that global aging is going to present some major challenges. Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt? Its all true. Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over resources, just as I worry about how I will take care of my own pa
15、rents in their old age, just as I worry about who might take care of me.But heres the thing: an older world may have less pressure on the environment. As we all know, the environment is the real victim of overpopulation.So maybe a world that grows slower and grows older will put less pressure on the
16、 environment, and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use, along with our birth rates, reaches a sustainable(可持续的) level. After all, were supposed to get smarter as we get older. Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战,也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。5The population i
17、ssue in Japan is mentioned to _Ashow young peoples preference for marriageBintroduce the topic of global birth rates becoming lowerCindicate the deeper cause of Japans depressionDemphasize the revolution of Japanese womenB解析:细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in Japan is
18、happening globally.”也是提示。故选B。6Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage?AAging society.BEnvironmental problems.CHigh death rates.DLow employment rates.A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan is.and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging and eventually
19、shrinking(萎缩) population.”可知,人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。7Whats the authors attitude to the worldwide birth rates becoming lower?AAnxious. BDisappointed.CHopeful. DDoubtful.C解析:观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知,老龄化社会也有有利的方面,如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。8Which of the following statements is TRUE according to David Brooks?AThe birth r
20、ates all over the world are becoming lower.BThe most developed countries have higher death rates.CAmerica is the only developed country with higher birth rates.DBirth rates becoming lower means a great risk to aging countries.D解析:细节理解题。根据前三段可知,低出生率会导致社会老龄化,而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。C(2019石
21、家庄教学质量检测二)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any manmade craft has flown before. The mission(任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyo
22、ne else.In the summer of 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe. After a journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.85 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach the suns corona(日冕). Thats the suns outer atmosphere of gas.Getting
23、 there wont be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult. But that hasnt stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500. Thats still
24、 a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5inchthick heat shield(护罩) will protect the probes camera and scientific instruments.NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is special to us. But as a star, its rather common. So the better we unde
25、rstand how it works, the better we understand all stars of mass and colors.Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They can disable communications satellites and shut down power systems. One
26、study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the US. alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year.Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves. That could make even a mission with a billionplus price tag one
27、 of NASAs great bargains.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。2018年夏天,美国航空航天局计划发射Parker Solar Probe(帕克太阳探测器),该探测器收集到的数据有利于研究太阳及太空中的其他恒星,更重要的是,这还会让我们了解有很大的破坏作用的太阳风暴,从而预测它们,保护我们自己。9What can we learn about the probe?AItll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.BIts the first manmade instrument to fly to the sun.CItll
28、get to the core of the sun in nearly two months.DItll fly about 3.85 million miles to reach the corona.A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any manmade craft has flown before.”可知,今年要发射的宇宙飞船比以往的任何人造飞行器都更加靠近它(太阳),故答案是A。10What is the challenge for the engineers?
29、ADirecting the probe to collect data.BReducing the temperature of the probe.CBuilding a shield against the heat.DLimiting the probe to proper regions.C解析:细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“challenge”和“engineers”定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult. But
30、that hasnt stopped engineers from trying.”和“But a.instruments.”可知,对工程师来说,设计出能够到达太阳日冕的宇宙飞船的挑战在于研发能够抵挡太阳的“高温”(heat)的护罩,故答案是C。11What might be the best title?AExploring the StarsBGetting Close to the SunCDesigning a SpaceshipDProtecting EarthB解析:标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国航空航天局打算2018年夏天发射宇宙飞船到达太阳日冕的事情,这次飞船将比以往任何人造飞
31、行器更加靠近太阳。题目要体现出文章的核心词 “太阳”,故答案是B。12Where does the value of the mission lie?AMonitoring satellites.BExploring solar energy.CDeveloping scientific instruments.DForecasting solar storms.D解析:细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“value of the mission”定位到文章的第五、第六段。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show
32、us about solar storms.”和第六段第一句“Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves.”可知,帕克太阳探测器所收集到的数据能让我们更多地了解太阳风暴,从而预测它们,保护我们自己。故答案是D。DKung Hei Fat Choy means Happy New Year! Welcome to our Chinese New Year/Lunar New Year pages! Weve got a huge collection of fun activities for you to explore and enjoy with your kids, both at