1、高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescriptionIt makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will
2、be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo. A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen? The study o
3、f the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind foo
4、ls itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better. Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient
5、has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all. A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a ba
6、d reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of th
7、e placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo（1）What do we know about placebo according
8、 to the passage? A.It contains some sort of medicine.B.It wont function if you are negative about medicine.C.People who dont believe placebo cant be healed by it.D.Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo? A.The patient
9、needs help badlyB.The patient believes in the doctorC.The doctor knows better about your bodyD.The doctor has carefully studied medicine（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A.The placebo.B.The bad effect.C.The body.D.The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about? A.Place
10、bo：Work on Your MindB.Placebo：The Most Powerful MedicineC.Placebo：The Best DoctorD.Placebo：Heal Your Body【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。(1)考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。故选A。(2)考查推理判
11、断。根据第二段中的“A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。【点
12、评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Oh my God, the robots are taking over! Were doomed! Doomed! Now that Ive gotten that out of my system, its become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest exa
13、mple is the governments new guidelines for self-driving cars. Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings. Nearly 40,000 peop
14、le died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually. Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other
15、 hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds? But theres a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you na
16、me it. Robots arent just taking over in the workplace. The question is, where cant a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-wi
17、nning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future? Finally, its only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad hum
18、ors. Actually, its too bad such technology isnt available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide. （1）What does the underlined word “agitated” mean? A.TiredB.CautiousC.CarefulD.Anxious（2）What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars? A.How passengers behave in it.B.How robo
19、t drivers get the license.C.How they avoid crashing into other car.D.How they respond to walkers on a busy street.（3）The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writers _. A.confidence in robots, winning Grammy AwardsB.eagerness to listen to songs written by robotsC.doubt about robo
20、ts ability to write songsD.curiosity about the future Grammy songs（4）What might be the most suitable title for the text? A.Robots will control the world in every fieldB.Robots are coming but not soon enoughC.Robots are being used in our daily lifeD.Robots can drive cars and write music【答案】（1）D（2）D（3
21、）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。（1）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to.at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。（2）细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly s
22、ensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。（3）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。（4）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“its too bad such technology isnt available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来
23、的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。3阅读理解 Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go awa
24、y. But it doesnt. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal. Scientists at the
25、 website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more
26、 food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are th
27、e same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In
28、 a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all
29、 for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. （1）What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.
30、C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving? A.It shows food is linked to feelings.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.（3）Whats the likely result of dieting? A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of food desire.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.（4）What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The functions of brain areas.
