1、高定价高考英语备考经典写作之分类突破讲座Using the research method of literature, means of observation, behavioral approach, conceptual analysis and the pattern of information-seeking of local and overseas were analyzed and compared, Basic pattern strategies of technology information-seeking2008高考英语备考经典写作之分类突破讲座第二辑：中文提示
2、、翻译重组实战点睛一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。二、英语基本句型结构与汉译英的基本方法 在进行汉译英
3、过程中，有时会觉得无从下手，因为乍看英语句子错综复杂，千变万化，短句短到只一个字，长句长达几行，担心翻译出来的英语句子要么结构不对，不地道，要么意义不准确。其实，就英语的句子结构而言，是有规律可循的，掌握这一规律，就掌握了翻译重要的第一步。简单说来，英语句子就是以下五种基本句型的扩大与缩小。（1）SV（主语谓语）This good weather wont last这种好天气不会持久的。（2）SVP（主语谓语表语）Sometimes she is not clever enough她有时很蠢。（3）SVO（主语谓语宾语）Writing makes an exact man写作使人精确。（4）S
4、VOO（主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语）She promised us a gift 她答应送我们一件礼物。（5）SVOOC（主语谓语宾语宾补）That news made her happy那条消息使她很高兴。这五个基本句型，要时刻做到心中有数。动笔之前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住全句中心，搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。然后把句子缩小了再缩小，缩小到只剩下以上五个基本句型中的主要成分。先心译，再笔译。在心译过程中，从基本句型开始，一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。现举数例：三、汉译英长句翻译的基本方法基本方法 合并法 正译法和反译法 倒置法 插入法 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一
5、个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句 Case 1 没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不能继续下去。 译：But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed.正译法和反译法 这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式
6、译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。 Case 1 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 译1：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) 译2：In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) Case 2 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 译1：He still could not understand me. (正译) 译2：Still he failed to understand me. (反译) 倒置法 在汉语中，定语
7、修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。 Case 1 改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 译：Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.Case 2 我原来计划今年二月访问美国，后来不得不推迟，
8、这使我感到很扫兴。 译：It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to U.S. in February. 插入法 指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。 Case 如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。 译：If the announcement of the recovery of Hong
9、 Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision. (用前后逗号插入信息）高考真题体验NMET 2004广西卷 假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封短信向Miss Morgan请假。内容要点：*表示歉意 *理由：去机场接人 *询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座注意：1. 词数：100左右 2. 可根
10、据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear Miss Morgan,I am so sorry that I wont be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.I am very much interested in American society and histo
11、ry. I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. Yours sincerely Li HuaNMET 2004假如你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。 自然情况位
12、于长江边、风景优美、适合居住 成 就经济发展迅速新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等。 存在问题水、空气污染交通拥挤对江城发展的看法(内容由考生自己拟定)注意：1回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名。 2词数100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。参考词汇：经济economy nDear Bob，Its very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now Id like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng. The city sta
13、nds on the bank of the Changjiang River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, suc
14、h as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that well have a better hometown in future. Yours, XiaohuaNMET 2005全国卷II 假设你是李华，加
15、拿大一所学校将于今年暑假组织学生来你校访问。其间，Andy Smith将借住你家。请你代表全家写信给Andy，欢迎他的到来，并告知有关事宜。信的要点如下： 上午：学校活动 下午：游览市区 晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天注意：1词数：100左右 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3，参考词汇：安排arrange Dear Andy, I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home. My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let
16、me tell you what we have arranged for you. I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, Ill show you around and take you to some places of interest. Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. Im sure
17、well have a wonderful time and enjoy each others company. Im looking forward very much to meeting you soon.Yours sincerely,Li HuaNMET 2005全国卷III 假设你是李华，你的美国老师Miss Morgan要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封短信向Miss Morgan请假。内容要点：*表示歉意 *理由：去机场接人 *询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座注意：1. 词数：100左右 2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连
18、贯Dear Miss Morgan,I am so sorry that I wont be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.I am very much interested in American society and history. I wonder if i
19、t is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. Yours sincerely Li HuaNMET 2005全国卷IV假设你是李华你的一位美国朋友Paul想在暑期来中国学习汉语。你帮他询问了暑期汉语班的情况。请根据下列要点写封回信。 *时间：7月初开始，4小时/天 (周一至周五) *程度：三个级别(
20、初级到高级) *授课教师经验丰富，小班上课 注意：1.词数：100左右 2可根据要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear Paul, I am so glad that you are planning to take a summer course in China. Our university runs summer Chinese language courses at three levels, from beginning to advanced. All the courses start in early July. Lessons will be given in small
21、classes of no more than ten students. You will get a lot of practice in such a class. All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. Classes meet four hours a day, five days a week-Monday through Friday. If you decide to come or need any further information, do
22、 let me know. Yours, Li HuaNMET 2005请你根据提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍第十五届全国书市开幕当天的情况，并谈谈举办书市的意义。日期2005年5月18日地点天津人数6万余人（来自全国各地、各行各业）主要活动开幕式、科普讲座、作者与读者见面受欢迎图书社会科学、儿童读物、外语等意义提供好书、方便购书、满足人们增长知识的愿望注意：1. 词数：80-120；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇：全国书市-National Book Fair开幕式-opening ceremonyThe 15th National Book Fair was declare
23、d open in Tianjin on May 18th, 2005.On that day, more than 60,000 people, such as teachers, students and workers, came to the fair from all over the country. Various activities were organized, including the opening ceremony, lectures on popular science, and meetings at which writers and readers comm
24、unicated face to face. People went around to look for their favorite books. Among the most popular were books about social sciences, childrens books and books about foreign language learning.The book fair brings to the book lovers much convenience as it can provide such a great variety of books. It
25、satisfies peoples need to increase their knowledge.NMET 2005江苏 假设你是李晓平，是“江苏中学”的学生。请你围绕“建设和谐社会的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。 要点提示：1人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心 2人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助 3人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护 4你的态度：(内容由考生自己拟定) 注意：1词数：100左右。倡议书的开头、结尾以及提示句已为你写好，不计人词数。2内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。Dear fellow students, Our governmen
26、t is aiming to build a harmonious society (和谐社会). I think it is every citizens duty to work hard to achieve this goal. As high school students, what should we do? First of all, we should love our motherland. Lets take a great interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in ou
27、r school and activities.Secondly, lets fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. Most important of all, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life.Finally, lets work toget
28、her to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass. As for myself, I will study even harder and try my best to do all the above. Dear fellow students, lets start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!
29、 Li Xiaoping From Jiangsu High SchoolNMET 2005安徽假设有一批英国中学生将来你校就读，校方要求你在开班典礼上介绍一下学校的有关要求。请按以下要点写一篇发言稿。上学要穿戴整洁 上课不迟到、早退保持校园清洁走路靠右行;若要骑车上学，请办自行车许可证注意:1. 词数: 100左右;2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。 参考词汇:许可证permitGood morning, dear friends. Welcome to our school. Now please allow me to introduce you to so
30、me of our school rules here. As high school students, firstly, we are expected to be neatly dressed when at school. Secondly, it must be made clear that we should never be late for class or leave school before it is over. The school is a place for us to live and study in, so we must keep it clean. L
31、astly, when you are walking on the road, please remember to keep to the right, and, if you want to go to school by bike, you must have a bicycle-permit.Thanks.NMET 2005假设你是李华，作为选派的交流学生在美国某中学学习了一年，寄住在Mr. Brown家里，刚回到国内。回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家，因此给他写一封信，请他帮助寄回词典。信的主要内容如下：* 感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助。* 一本英语词典忘记带回。* 词典是美国老师送的，非常珍贵。* 词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上。* 邮资自己付。注意： 1词数100左右；信的开头和结尾已为你写好。2可适当增加细节，以使
