1、上海市静安区高考一模英语试题解析版. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word t
2、hat best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf youre ever skiing in the mountains, youll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche _1_ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount t
3、hat it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches _2_ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and
4、explosives _3_ (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, _4_ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to
5、predict - and often prevent - avalanches from _5_ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places _6_ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that dont pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly a
6、valanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. _7_ its possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself _8_ (bury) u
7、nder many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging _9_ farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an ava
8、lanche try to dig around you _10_ (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.【答案】1. will vary / varies 2. can 3. have been known / are known 4. when 5. occurring 6. with
9、 7. While/Though/Although 8. buried 9. themselves 10. to create【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪崩是怎样发生的及如何在雪崩中逃生。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：雪崩中的雪量因许多因素而不同，但雪量可能非常大，以至于可以将斜坡的底部埋在几十英尺深的雪中。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是The amount of snow，谓语动词用第三人称单数，也可用一般将来时，表示“会、将会”，故填will vary / varies。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：雪崩可能是自然因素造成的。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据“Arti
10、ficial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches.”可知此处表示“能、可能”，故填can。【3题详解】考查时态语态。句意：例如，众所周知，雪地车、滑雪者和炸药会导致雪崩。snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 与know之间是被动关系，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可理解成过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数，故填have been known / are known。【4题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：雪崩通常发生在冬季和春季，那时降雪量最大。此处为非限定
11、性定语从句，先行词为the winter and spring，指时间，关系词在从句中做时间状语，故填when。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：预警信号的存在，使专家能够预测并经常防止雪崩的发生。prevent sth from doing表示“防止某事发生”，故填occurring。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：在有大量积雪的地方可以使用炸药来引发较小的雪崩，不会对人或财产造成危险。分析句子结构可知此处填介词，根据句意可知此处表示“具有”，故填with。【7题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然从雪崩中逃生是可能的，但并不是所有人都能逃脱。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“尽管、虽然”，故
12、填While/Though/Although。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填buried。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己”，根据“they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填themselves。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家建
13、议，被雪崩困住的人尽量在你周围挖掘，为空气创造一个空间，这样你就能更轻松地呼吸。此处表示目的，用不定式做目的状语，故填to create。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Founding Father of Chinas Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nucl
14、ear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been _11_ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of Chinas nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United Sta
15、tes in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded Peoples Republic of China with _12_ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and start
16、ed his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working _13_ with a team of young scientists on the development of Chinas first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon a
17、fter, however, the Soviet government tore up its _14_ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to _15_ the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the _16_ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn
18、t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our _17_ to this cause.”As the leader
19、of Chinas atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the _18_ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng join
20、ed the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was _19_ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development.Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of hi
21、s life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was _20_, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.【答案】
22、11. K 12. F 13. A 14. C 15. G 16. I 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. H【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“两弹元勋”邓稼先为中国核武器做出的杰出贡献。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果没有中国核武器计划的主要组织者邓稼先的贡献，这一军事成就是难以想象的。此处缺少形容词做表语，根据“without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of Chinas nuclear weapon programs.”可知此处表示“难以想象的”，故填K。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：刚毕业9
23、天，当时26岁的他就带着先进的物理知识回到了新成立的中华人民共和国。修饰名词physics knowledge用形容词，根据“Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later.”可知此处表示“先进的”，故填F。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：从1958年开始，邓稼先花了20多年的时间与一个年轻科学家团队秘密合作，研制了中国第一颗原子弹和氢弹。修饰动词working用副词，根据常识可知，在新中国刚刚成立的时候研制核武器是要秘密进行
24、的，此处表示“秘密地”，故填A。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，不久之后，苏联政府撕毁了与中国的协议，撤走了所有专家。做动词短语tore up的宾语用名词，根据“removed all its experts”可知此处表示“协议”，故填C。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：为了解开原子物理学的神秘力量，邓稼先不得不带领平均年龄23岁的28人小组执行任务。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“the mysterious power of atomic physics.”可知此处表示“解开”，故填G。【16题详解】考查名词。句意苏联专家走后，有人嘲笑中国在20年内无法制造原子弹。做f
25、ollowing的宾语用名词，上文说苏联撕毁了协议，从中国撤走了所有的专家，因此此处表示“撤走”，故：故填I。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：邓稼先对他的同事们说：“发展核武器符合中国人民的利益，我们必须甘愿做一辈子无名英雄，值得冒着受苦受难的风险，值得我们为这一事业献身”。be worth后接名词或动名词，根据“We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering,”可知此处表示“献身”，故填E。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为中国原子弹设计的带头人，邓稼先亲自
26、授课，并组织团队翻译学习相关外语材料。修饰名词foreign language materials用形容词，根据常识可知，中国自己研制原子弹需要参考相关的材料，此处表示“相关的”，故填B。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：他们立即开始设计1967年试验的氢弹。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据常识可知，中国的第一颗氢弹是1967年试验的，因此此处表示“试验”，which指代先行词the hydrogen bomb与之是被动关系，此处需要填过去分词，故填D。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：在他生命的最后一个月，这位伟大科学家28年的秘密经历被揭露，他的名声开始在中国传播。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“and his
27、 reputation began to spread throughout China.”可知此处表示“揭露”，the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist与之是被动关系，用的是被动语态，此处填过去分词，故填H。. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with
28、 the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is CrucialWith consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?A recent report by
29、Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully _21_ about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increas
30、ing. _22_ according to the report most consumers trust online peer _23_ as much as recommendations from friends - and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more _24_ than a brand ambassador （大使）from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency（透
31、明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust _25_ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers dont appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors - _26_ to be open about their products limitations during the sales
32、process - but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers dont expect any products to be _27_ - they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can _28_ the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more _29_. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being
