1、七年级英语名词专题一 名词知识点拨名词是用来表示人名,食物名称,时间,地点和抽象概念等的一类词,虽然在汉语中的名词在含以上是相同的,但是他们的语法特点却有着巨大的差别.知识点一：名词的分类专有名词The Bible圣经 Mt. Fuji富士山普通名词可数名词个体名词friend 朋友 suitcase 手提箱superman 超人 集体名词audience 观众 crew 全体船员team 队不可数名词物质名词wool 羊毛 beef 牛肉honey 蜂蜜抽象名词wealth 财富 courage 勇气ability 能力复合名词Snowfall 降雪量 updraft 上升气流知识点二：名词
2、的数 能用来数字计数的名词是可数名词，不能用具体数字的名词是不可数名词。1.可数名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词可与不定式aan连用。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能和aan连用。 单数变复数的规则变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, l
3、oaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, 6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-
4、spiano-pianos, photo-photos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos单数变复数的不规则变化规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, than
5、ks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(
6、沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tell
7、ers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants考点例:At night the koala bear gets up and eats_A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 不可数名词的数英语中不可数名词的形式比较复杂，在不同的语境下，有些不可数名词表示不同的概念，从而表现出可数与不可数的区别。（1）常见的不可数名词：不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词.专有名词BBC the
8、 West Lake物质名词milk light抽象名词Happiness Progress （2）:不可数名词如果一定要表示单数或复数形式时，要借助于可数名词，构成of结构。a cup of tea一杯茶two cups of tea两杯茶a piece of bread一块面包four pieces of bread四块面包(3):可以修饰不可数名词的词和短语：a little有一些 little几乎没有 a bit of有一点much很多 some any一些 考点例: Would you like some drinks, boys? Yes,_ please.A.some orang
9、es B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D.two bottles of orange 知识点三：名词的格名词的格分为主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格相同，一般就是名词本身。名词的所有格是表示名词的所属关系的形式，名词所有格的构成有s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。（1）s所有格：s所有格形式在英语中是构成名词所有关系时最常用的形式。s所有格的构成构成读音示例一般情况下在名词词尾加s在清辅音后读sDicks hobby迪克的爱好Philips part-time job菲利浦的兼职工作在浊辅音或元音后读zMarys wishes玛丽的
10、心愿Bobs backpack鲍勃的背包在等音素后读the buss mirror公共汽车的镜子，Marxs advice on how to study English马克思关于如何学习英语的建议若名词已有以-s或-es结尾的复数词尾，直接在其后加撇号保持原单词的读音不变my parents hope我父母的希望these factories workers这些工厂的工人们不以-s结尾的复数名词直接在其后加s与名词复数词尾的读音相同childrens time孩子们的时间mens clothes男子服装(2)s所有格形式的特殊用法两人或多人共有一样东西时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾，如果为各自
11、所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。John and Susans father约翰和珊的父亲（两个人共同的父亲）请比较：Johns and Susans fathers.（两个人的不同的父亲）North Koreas, Japans and Americas problems (朝鲜、日本和美国各自的问题表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象、拟人等无生命的名词的所有格也有s的式表示时间：two days trip两天的旅行todays newspaper今天的报纸表示距离：two hours walk两小时的徒步路程ten minutes drive十分钟的车程表示国家：Chinas weathe
12、r中国的天气South Koreas problems国考点例: 1、_fathers are both scientists AJims and Bob BJims and Bobs CJim and Bobs DJim and Bob2、_room is big and brightThey like it very much ATom and Sam BToms find Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Sams知识点四：相关考点名词的可数与不可数性。名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。物质名词、抽象名词具体化。课外拓展 Is that
13、 bag heavy, Penny? Not very Here! Put it on this chair Whats in it? A piece of cheese A loaf of bread A bar of soap A bar of Chocolate A bottle of milk A pound of sugar Half a pound of coffee A quarter of pound of tea And a tin of tobacco Is that tin of tobacco for me? Well, its certainly not for me
14、!词汇短语拓展 A glass of water two cups of tea a piece of paper Five bows of ricce few/a few littel/a little Many/much a lot of/lots of a number of/the number of Some/any练习题I. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. bo
15、x _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wi
16、fe _ . 选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sh
17、eep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 5. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mo
18、thers D. mothers of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. chi
19、ld 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many
20、_ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. w
21、ishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. Whats the Chinese for “ PRC”? A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民国 C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党 19. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 20. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Ple
22、ase give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 21. How wonderful! The _ is made of _. A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 22. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. Amer
23、ican C. Chineses D. English 23. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 24. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 25. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 26. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im fr
24、om _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America 专题二 代词代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等第一讲：人称代词 、物主代词、反身代词 知识点拨知识点一：人称代词的用法 1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)t
25、hey (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)（1）、主格用来 作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays Are they from Brazil?（2）、宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year? Help me!（3）、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语多用宾格。如：-Who is it? Its I/me.(是我。)（
26、4）、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：如: Both he and I are working at that computer company. Who will go there? You and me.(你和我)（5)、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代做主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： -Whats the weather like today?Its fine.考点例1： Though it rained heavily, _ wer
27、e still playing on the playground.A. they B. them C. their D. themselves例2：Tom and _ will go to see our teacher, for _ is ill.A. I; she B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her知识点二：物主代词的用法物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)（1)、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is that your umbrella? They are their books。(2)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地做主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup, but where is mine) Your classroo
