1、International Settlement,Liu Yao刘瑶Liuyao_School of Translation and InterpretationQufu Normal University,关于课程英文名称的说明,国际结算课程国内一般翻译为“International Settlement”，这是中式英语的表述，国际学术界并不通用，但在国内似乎已约定俗成，广为接受。相同的教学内容和研究领域国外一般称为“International payment”。有高校亦将该课程命名为“国际支付与结算”。本课程中文名称采用国内最广泛使用的“国际结算”，英文名称使用“International
2、 settlement”。,Contents,Chapter 1 International Trade and PracticeChapter 2 Introduction to International SettlementChapter 3 InstrumentsChapter 4 RemittanceChapter 5 CollectionChapter 6 Letter of CreditChapter 7 Documents,eUCP&DOCDEX跟单信用证统一惯例电子提示补充规则跟单信用证争议解决专家意见规则,参考书目,Hinkelman,Edward G.,Short Cou
3、rse in International Payment:Letters of Credit,Documentary Collections and Cyber payments in International Transactions(3rd Edition)USA:World Trade Press.苏宗祥、徐捷主编：国际结算（第四版），中国金融出版社，2008.（普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材、21世纪高等学校金融学系列教材）。,姚新超主编：国际结算与贸易融资，北京大学出版社，2010.6.吴百福主编：国际贸易结算实务.中国对外经济贸易大学出版社，2004年版。苏宗祥等主编：国际
4、结算，中国金融出版社，2004.6,学习网站,1国际商会网站，http:/www.iccwbo.org/国际商会统一惯例和各类贸易规则；国际商会对各类贸易结算案例的最终裁定；2中国国际贸易促进委员会网站，http:/www.ccpit.org/提供国际贸易、国际支付仲裁方面的案例与信息；3.中华人民共和国商务部网站，http:/了解中国的对外经贸政策、商务数据与信息，在线观看国际贸易类课程教学的影像资料；4世界贸易组织网站，http:/www.wto.org提供国际贸易数据资源；,5联合国贸易与发展会议网站，www.unctad.org 提供国际直接投资等方面的年度报告；6.世界银行网站，ht
5、tp:/www.worldbank.org 提供国际经济、金融等方面的数据资料；7国际货币基金组织：http:/www.imf.org/external/index.htm提供国际贸易融资产品介绍和支持发展中国家发展贸易融资业务政策和优惠；8.国家外汇管理局:http:/提供中国的外汇经常性项目和资本性项目的真实性管理政策、提供汇率变动趋势，提供外汇交易产品。,辅助学习网站,中国外经贸http:/阿里巴巴http:/中国经济信息网http:/中国商务部http:/国务院发展研究信息中心网http:/和讯网http:/企业出口商品贸易网http:/中国国际市场贸易网http:/中国出口商品贸易网
6、http:/上海贸易信息网http:/中国进出口贸易网http:/,http:/,Contents,Chapter 1 International Trade and PracticeChapter 2 Introduction to International SettlementChapter 3 InstrumentsChapter 4 RemittanceChapter 5 CollectionChapter 6 Letter of CreditChapter 7 Documents,Chapter 1 International trade&practice,Questions:Wh
7、at is“International Trade”?Is it different from domestic trade?How much do you know about International Trade?,Exchange of goods and services from one country to another.two issues-goods and services.,Is it different from domestic trade?,International trade is in principle not different from domesti
8、c trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not.The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade.,more costly?,The reason is that a border typically
9、 imposes additional costs such as tariffs,time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language,the legal system or culture.transportation expenses(freight and charges)premium(insurance expenses),More risks,信用风险(credit risk)商业风险（business risk)价格风险(price risk)
10、汇兑风险(exchange risk)运输风险(transportation risk)政治风险(political risk),How much do you know about International Trade?,TheoryMercantilism,Protectionism,Free trade theories(Absolute Advantage;Comparative)PolicyTariff and non-tariff barriers;trade measures Practice Contract conclusion and performance,1.1 Le
11、sson objectives,Define IncotermsUnderstand how Incoterms assist tradersIdentify the main issues governing choice of asuitable IncotermState the main provisions of these Incoterms:FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,1.2 Participants,The buyerThe sellerBanksAnd other participants,1.3 Cautions in international tra
12、de,The credit standing信用状况 Payment methodsTrade termsThe exchange risks外汇风险,1.4 Terms of Delivery,trade term或price term(贸易术语，价格术语）,1.4.1 Trade Terms,Trade terms are using a shorthand expression or three-letter abbreviation to indicate the formation of the unit price and determine the responsibilitie
13、s,expenses and risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.,Trade/delivery terms,A clear specification of responsibilities and associated costs;time and place of delivery;documents and expense;title to goods.是在长期的国际贸易实践中产生的，用来表明商品的价格构成、确定交货地点、说明货物交接过程中有
14、关的风险、责任、费用划分问题的专门用语,Examples,Chinese North-eastern Rice USD 200.00 per metric ton FOB Dalian,1.4.2 Why do we need trade terms?,In import-export transactions,there are usually many other extra costs in addition to the cost of goods themselves.One obvious cost is that of transporting the goods from th
15、e seller to the buyer.,question,Think about what other costs there might be?,Answer:insurance of the goodsimport duty or taxes-loading,unloading and handling chargespackaging for exportdocumentation charges,1.5 International rules,Warsaw-Oxford Rules,1932(CIF ONLY).1932年华沙牛津规则W.O 解释CIFRevised Americ
16、an Foreign Trade Definitions(6 kinds)1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本6种主要在美洲国家采用INCOTERMS 2000(13 kinds)2000年国际贸易术语解释通则,INCOTERMS,2000通则Four groups and 13 termsE组：EXWF组：FCA FAS FOBC组：CFR CIF CPT CIPD组：DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP,EXW Ex WorksCIP Carriage Insurance Paid ToCPT Carriage Paid ToCIF Cost Insurance&FreightCFR Cos
17、t and FreightFOB Free on BoardFAS Free Alongside ShipFCA Free CarrierDAF Delivered at FrontierDEQ Delivered Ex QuayDES Delivered Ex ShipDDP Delivered Duty PaidDDU Delivered Duty Unpaid,国际贸易惯例的性质与作用,Incoterms are customs and usage of international trade,not part of national or international law,are n
18、ot imperative,but they can be binding on buyers or sellers provided the sales contract specifies that a particular Incoterms will apply.贸易惯例的适用是以当事人的意思自治为基础的惯例本身不是法律，没有法律的强制约束力，买卖双方有权在合同中作出与某项惯例不符的规定贸易惯例对贸易实践具有重要的指导意义,VERSIONS,Incoterms are revised by the ICC from time to time.The last revision,Inco
19、terms 2000,came into force on 1st January 2000,replacing the previous edition,Incoterms 1990.,ICC,International Chamber of Commerce:International non-governmental body concerned with promotion of trade and harmonisation of trading practice.,1.6 Main trade terms,1.6.1 FOB:Free on Board(named port of
20、shipment)A widely used term.Seller delivers goods,cleared for export and loaded onto the ship,main carriage unpaid.Only applies to transport by sea or inland waterway.For containerised or multi-modal transportation,FCA is more appropriate.,Free on Board(named port of shipment)装运港船上交货交货地点：交货点为船舷。实际业务
21、中，术语买卖双方费用划分往往按运费结构、港口习惯或买卖双方的约定作必要的调整，不严格按船舷为界。在实际业务中，如果买方要求卖方提交“清洁已装船提单”，卖方也同意并凭以向买方收款，交货点就从船舷转移到船舱。即卖方必须负责在装运港将货物装入船舱才行。风险划分：装运港货物越过船舷买方负责租船订舱，支付运费适用于海运或内河运输,Detailed responsibilities,Sellers responsibilitiesDelivers goods and load on board shipProvides an on-board receipt of goodsClears goods fo
22、r exportBuyers responsibilitiesTransports goods from port of departure to final destination,bearing all costs including any import dutyEffect insurance and pay it.,Risks transfer,When the goods have effectively passed theships rail at the named port of shipment.,1.6.2 CFR:Cost and Freight(named port
23、 of destination),A widely used term.Seller delivers goods on board ship and pays for main carriage to port of destination,but does not pay for insurance.Only applies to transport by sea or inland waterway.For containerised or multi-modal transportation,CPT is more appropriate.,成本加运费（指定目的港）或运费在内价常用术语
24、之一.以前C&F90通则改为CFR卖方负责租船定舱支付到指定目的港的运费,负责出口清关交货地点和风险转移界限：装运港货物越过船舷适用于水上运输方式,Decide:Sellers or Buyers responsibilities,Delivers goods and load on board shipProvides an on-board receipt Pays insurance premium of goodsClears goods for exportClears for import and pays for import duty if applicablePays unl
25、oading fees with freight not includedPays for main carriage to named port of destination,Risks transferWhen the goods have effectively passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment.,1.6.3 CIF:Cost Insurance and Freight(named port of destination),A widely used term.The seller delivers goods on
26、board ship and pays for main carriage to port of destination,and also pays for marine insurance.Note that the insurance required by this term is minimal-the commercial agreement may call for a higher level of cover to be provided.,Only applies to transport by sea or inlandwaterway.For containerised
27、or multi-modal movements,CIP is more appropriate,即成本加保险费、运费（指定目的港）卖方负责租船订舱，支付运费；办理保险，支付保险费（minimum coverage）负责出口清关交货地点和风险转移界限：装运港货物越过船舷适用于水上运输方式我国出口多采用,Delivers goods and load on board shipProvides an on-board receipt of goodsClears goods for exportPays for main carriage to named port of destination
28、 and for marine insurancePays unloading fees with freight not includedPays for transport of goods to final destinationClears for import and pays for import duty if applicable,Risks transferWhen the goods have effectively passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment,1.6.4 FCA:Free Carrier(name
29、d place),May be used for any mode of transport.Common for containerised shipments.Exporter delivers to a named place provides export licence pays export dutiesImporter pays all costs from named place(insurance,import duties,taxes,货交承运人（指定地点）卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给由买方指定的承运人，并办理了出口清关手续，即完成交货“承运人”既包括实际履行运输义务的承
30、运人，也包括代为签订运输合同的运输代理人若卖方在其所在地交货，则卖方应负责装货；若卖方在任何其他地点交货，卖方不负责卸货,Sellers responsibilities:Delivers goods to the nominated carrier to be in his chargeIf named place is sellers premises,loads goods onto vehicleClears goods for export,Buyers responsibilities,If named place is not the sellers premises,unloa
31、ds goods from vehicleTransport goods from named place to final destination,bearing all costs including any import duty,Risks transferWhen the goods have been taken in charge by the carrier at the named place.,1.6.5 CPT:Carriage Paid To(named place of destination),Exporter:delivers to named destinati
32、on pays cost and freight provides export licence provides transport documentImporter:pays cost and freight from named destionation pays insurance pays import duties,即运费付至（指定目的地）卖方负责订立运输合同，负责将货物交给第一承运人，即完成交货义务，风险自此划分卖方交货后及时通知买方，以便买方办理保险适用于各种运输方式,Sellers responsibilities,Arranges and pay for delivery
33、of goods to named placeProvides a transport documentClears goods for exportBuyers responsibilities:Arranges and pay for transport of goods from named place to final placeClear for import and pay duty if applicable,Risks transferThe Buyer assumes risks when the seller has delivered the goods to the first carrier in the journey.,1.6.6 CIP:Carriage and Insurance Paid to(named place of destination),Se
