1、高中英语最新届江苏省高考英语第一轮知识点复习话题词汇1.benefit vi.& n.得益，好处2.convenient adj.方便的，便利的3.wherever conj.无论在何处，无论到哪里4.argue vi.争吵，争辩5.responsibility n.责任，负责，职责6.amount n.数量7.admit vt.承认，供认8.occupy vt.占用(空间、时间、面积等)9.damage vt.& n.损害，损失10.traffic jam交通阻塞，塞车11.fed up不愉快的，厌烦的12.take place发生；举行13.go up上升14.on average平均；通
2、常经典语篇(2018江苏)请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.The other day，a netizen (网民) shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 comments on the social media platform.Despite the t
3、humbsup (点赞) given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.2.Some riders of ebikes and bicycles come and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road acciden
4、ts become unavoidable.3.From 2018 to 2018，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the worlds total vehicles.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。写作要求1.写作
5、过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。佳作欣赏The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten peoples lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the largesca
6、le construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. Whats worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely
7、related to public order. Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone dont secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.思维发散1.用
8、as well as改写第句It may threaten peoples lives as well as affects our everyday life.2.用although改写第句Although there are largescale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.3.用because改写第句In spite of the largescale
9、 construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because the number of cars has been increasing these years.4.把第句改写成含有定语从句的复合句In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations which/that are closely related to public order.重点单词A.写作单词1.fine (vt.)处以罚金2.convey (vt.
10、)运送，输送；表达 3.unfortunately (adv.)遗憾的，不幸地，可惜地 4.unbelievable (adj.)非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的5.postpone (vt.)延迟，延期 6.undertake (vi.& vt.)承担，从事；承诺，答应 7.enlarge (vi.& vt.)扩大，扩展，增大 8.growth (n.)增加，增长；成长，生长9.annual (adj.)每年的，一年一次的10.punctual (adj.)准时的，守时的 11.cyclist (n.)骑自行车的人12.aggressive (adj.)好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击
11、性的 13.load (n.)负荷，负载，大量，许多；(vt.)装载，装上，装入14.drunk (adj.)喝醉的；(n.)醉汉，酒鬼 15.arise (vi.)出现，产生16.split (vi.& vt.)分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破B.阅读单词17.anniversary (n.)周年纪念日18.authority (n.)权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权19.brake (n.)刹车，车闸；(vt.)用车闸减速，刹车20.cab (n.)出租车，的士21.choke (vi.& vt.)(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞；(n.)哽咽声，呛住的声音22.crash (n.& v
12、i.& vt.)撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃23.crossing (n.)人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越24.handful (n.)少量的人或物；一把(的量)25.metropolitan (adj.)大城市的，大都会的26.outer (adj.)远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的27.userfriendly (adj.)方便用户的，便于使用的28.via (prep.)经由，经过(某一地方)；通过，凭借29.violate (vt.)违犯，违反；侵犯30.prime (adj.)首要的，主要的；(n.)盛年，鼎盛时期31.receptionist (n.)接待员32.reservatio
13、n (n.)预订，预约；保留意见33.route (n.)(常规)路线34.section (n.)部分；部件；部门35.subway (n.)地铁36.timetable (n.)时间表，时刻表37.departure (n.)离开，出发；背离，违反depart (v.)离开，出发38.detail (n.)具体情况，详情，细节detailed (adj.)详细的，细致的39.enquiry (n.)询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究enquire (v.)询问，打听.重点短语1.drop off中途下客或卸货2.link up联合，连接3.at (.) intervals每隔()距离或时间4.p
14、ut through给某人接通(电话)；使经历5.decide on/upon决定，选定6.put off推迟，推延；使反感7.turn up出现，到来；调高(音量等)8.fill in填写(表格)；消磨(时间)9.a handful of少数的，少量的10.split up分组，分解；分离11.speed up (使)加速12.arise from起因于，由引起.经典句式1.However，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits，because building railway tracks into the city
15、 would have damaged many old buildings.但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。2.As better ways for digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.随着挖隧道方法的日益发展，第一条穿过泰晤士河的地铁隧道于1884年动工。3.Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerk
16、es，undertook the job of improving the system in 1918.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1918年承担起了改善(地铁)系统的工程4.So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？1应试指导一词多义undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do.着手做；答应做undertake that.承诺做undertake for.为负责(1)If you undertake the proje
17、ct，you are bound to encounter difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。(2)To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.要想这么做，理解为什么人们愿意承担志愿者工作以及是什么使得他们对这个工作感兴趣将会起到帮助作用。(2018江苏)(3)Ill undertake for your security.我将保证你的安全。多维训练(1)同义句改写He
18、undertook that he would finish the job by Friday.(改为简单句)He undertook to finish the job by Friday.(2)A university professor not only teaches，but also research work.A.carries B.takesC.undertakes D.obtains答案C解析句意为：大学教授不仅要教学，而且还承担着研究工作。carry搬运，携带；take拿，取，带；undertake承担，从事；obtain获得。根据句意应该选C项。2应试指导任务型阅读词汇；
19、写作词汇(1)When I arose from the chair，my father and Eleanors father were in deep conversation.当我从椅子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。(2)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急速上升。特别提醒arise作“出现，发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词arg
20、ument，problem，quarrel，movement等。词义辨析arise，rise，raise(1)arise不及物动词，意为“出现；发生”。(2)rise不及物动词，意为“上升；起床；升起”，说明主语自身移向更高的位置。(3)raise及物动词，意为“抬高；提高”，说明主语的动作作用于其他事物。 多维训练(1)用arise，rise，raise的适当形式填空He raised his voice so as to be heard by the audience.The river has risen by several meters so far.His failure in
21、the physics exam arose from his lack of carefulness.(2)When the question at the meeting，no one could answer it.A.rose B.aroseC.came D.raised答案B解析rise上升；arise出现；come来；raise提出，筹集。句意为：当这个问题在会议上提出的时候，没有人能回答。raise是及物动词，要使用被动语态；A、C两项的意义与句意不符。故B项正确。3(1)take a load off ones mind卸下心头重负have a load on ones min
22、d放心不下loads ofa load of许多 (2)load.with.用装载be loaded with负载(1)Although the educational systems have been transformed a lot，the loads of the students are still very heavy.尽管教育制度已改变了很多，但学生的负担仍然很重。(2)How long will it take to load the coal onto the truck?装这车煤需要多长时间？(3)There are loads of great places to se
23、e in Australia.澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.He didnt want to be loaded with any new impressions.I feel worried about my son.He really has a load on his mind.(2)同义句改写Because we are loaded with much work，we cant afford time for sports.(用过去分
24、词短语作状语改写)Loaded with much work，we cant afford time for sports.(3)He says that my new car is a of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A.lack B.loadC.question D.waste答案D解析lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费。根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。句意为：他说我买辆新车就是件浪费钱的事情。难道你不认为这些话是“吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸”吗？4
25、应试指导turn短语语境词义辨析turn down拒绝；调小turn into变成turn out生产；结果是；证明是turn over移交turn on/off打开/关掉turn to sb.转身；求助于；致力于(1)For some reason she didnt turn up.由于某种原因，她没有来。(2)Some allA students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.学校里的一些优秀学生踏入社会后不像人们预料的那么成功。 多维训练(1)用tur
26、n短语的适当形式填空She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.If nothing
27、is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.We are at your service.Dont hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.(2)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will sooner or later.(2018湖北，26)A.stand out B.break upC.get out D.turn up 答案D解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：别担心，我相信你迟早会找到丢失的眼镜。stand out站出来，坚决
28、反对；break up打碎，解散；get out出去，泄露，出版；turn up出现，发生。故选D。(3)How could you such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months？(2018浙江，19)A.turn off B.turn inC.turn down D.turn to答案C解析考查turn短语词义辨析。句意为：既然你失业好几个月了，你怎么能 这么好的一份工作呢？turn off关闭，关掉；turn in上交；turn down拒绝(建议、要求或邀请等)，调低(声音、温度等)；turn to转向，求助
29、于。由语境可知，因为失业好几个月了，按常理是不能“拒绝”(turn down)那么好的一份工作的，故C项正确。5应试指导(1)多词一义(2)任务型阅读词汇(1)有“加速”意义的表达：speed up；accelerate；step up(2)at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of以速度pick up speedgather speed加速(3)slow down 减速(4)speeding n.& v.超速(1)We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.我们必须加快经济改革的步伐
30、。(2)Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。(3)The train began to pick up speed.火车开始加速。 多维训练(1)根据提示填空Yesterday Tom was driving home at a speed of (以速度)150kph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined for speeding (超速).There
31、fore，on the rest way，he had to slow down (减速).(2)The thin but fit girl suddenly on the final lap，caught up with other runners and came first in the 5,000 meters.A.put up B.turned upC.took up D.speeded up答案D解析句意为：那个瘦小而健康的女孩在最后一圈突然加速，赶上了其他的参赛者，获得了五千米跑步的冠军。put up 张贴； turn up 出现，露面； take up 占据，从事；speed up 加速，促进。6多维训练
