1、高考英语一轮复习讲义 第2部分 板块1 第2讲 非谓语动词第2讲非谓语动词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018全国卷) You dont have to run fast or for long to_see(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.2(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of ric
2、e to_improve (improve) water quality.3(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge)4(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to_stay (stay) and watch.5(2017全国卷) But unlike her school friends, 16y
3、earold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting(rest)1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。短文改错1.(2018全国卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sellselling2(2018全国卷) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to
4、watching them, my parents would not let me.watchingwatch3(2018全国卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.waitwaiting4(2018全国卷) Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.eager后加to5(2017全国
5、卷) When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！pick前加to1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2过去分词与现在分词的错用；3不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义单句语法填空1(2019湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，known(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the wor
6、ld to flow entirely within one country.2(2019玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only to_gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.3(2019湖南六校联考)Of course, enjoying(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family play
7、s a big part in experiencing happiness.非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中
8、主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成Having been fired by the company，the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二 非谓语动词作状语.单句语法填空1(2019广东七校联考)We went to a fast food restau
9、rant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter to_order(order) dishes and I stood with my parents.2(2019合肥检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, making(make) it easier for people to learn and master.3(2019福州模拟)With my eyes tightly closed(close)，I dived
10、 in and made my way to the other end.单句改错4(2019长沙一模)The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat，which made him seem so mysterious.wornwearing5(2019长春模拟)Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. ThoughtTh
11、inking1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。(2016北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi t
12、o the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple
13、still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提示语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。2分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Ordered
14、over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺
15、于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，com
16、pared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立
17、存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；with/without名词/代词分词/不定式。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。考点三 非谓语动词作定语.单句语法填空1(2019湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture dating(date) back to ancient time
18、s changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.2(2019洛阳统考)The 15yearold boy from Oakland has fascinated audience in the US. and China with his ability to_sing(sing) pitchperfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.3(2019长治五校一联)With a puzzled(puz
19、zle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”4(2019重庆联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way to_contact(contact) my family.单句改错5(2019重庆月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides gen
20、uine Chinese food, which many diners have given 5star reviews. namingnamed1不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词
21、/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The abi
22、lity to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。To return to the problem
23、of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。名师点津非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示
24、主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very impo
25、rtant.考点四 非谓语动词作宾语.单句语法填空1(2019龙岩期中)Very often，opportunities come quietly and go by without being_noticed(notice)2(2019湖北八校联考)One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting(correct) them.3(2019长治一联)I remembered to_lock(lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the light
26、s.单句改错4(2019西安六校联考)Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled. heardhearing5(2019广东七校联考)I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijingthe capital city of our countrycame true during the National Day holidays this year.vis
27、itvisiting1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
28、：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today.
29、Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。That would mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。Really？I dont mean to waste any labour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。Was she worried abo
30、ut how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？易错提示(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词h
31、ow，what，whether，where，when，who 等。(3)介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。考点五 非谓语动词作宾补.单句语法填空1(2019济宁二模) Let those in need understand(understand) that we will go all out to help them.2(2019龙口一模)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.3(2019黄冈一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.
