1、一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed
2、to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space. Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulati
3、ons to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage. Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area. The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researc
4、hers led by the U. K.s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and Frances ArianeGroup. Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to th
5、e main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long. The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satel
6、lite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this weeks experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against over- publicizing it. There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tas
7、ks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects. Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks. Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will
8、conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.（1）What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite? A.Demonstrating space technology.B.Imitating a developing technique.C.Collecting wastes existing in space.D.Symbolizing great progress in space.（2）H
9、ow does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work? A.By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.B.By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C.By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.D.By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.（3）What does the underlined word sponsor in the last paragraph probably
10、 mean? A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.（4）Whats the best title for the text? A.The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is PerfectB.How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC.Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedD.Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍
11、了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“.,imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。可知，the RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“.,said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology w
12、ould cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。
13、（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。可知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The test, which was carried out
14、this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。故
15、选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. Thats how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable(一次性的) habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also in
16、creasingly seems to be buried. Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slats system experienced material fatigue(疲劳)-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash
17、-and the task was delayed. All the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, Well have more plastic than fish by 2050. Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not o
18、nly to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline. Publishing their findings in the journal Sustaina
19、ble Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907. The process uses supercritical water-heated to around 450 degrees C
20、elsius (842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil, the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be use
21、d as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products. The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale(规模) may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment
22、every year, that day cant come soon enough. But it will come in time.（1）Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph 1? A.To indicate the hopeless future of human life.B.To figure out the solution to reducing plastics.C.To show the seriousness of the plastic problem.D.To tell people to give up an
23、unhealthy lifestyle.（2）What can we know about Slats system? A.It proves harmful to the Pacific.B.It has been abandoned completely.C.It has received many peoples opposition.D.It met with difficulty while being carried out.（3）What is the advantage of Wangs system? A.It can save fish in the ocean.B.It
24、can recycle and reuse plastic.C.It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel.D.It can make plastic products more affordable.（4）What is the authors attitude towards Wangs system? A.Hopeful.B.Disapproving.C.Cautious.D.Uncertain.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Linda Wang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。 （1）考
25、查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Thats how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable habits, any hope for a solution also increasingly seems to be buried.”可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Not long after it started，Slats system experien
26、ced material fatigue likely the result of being strained by all that trash.” 在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for cl
27、ean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.”然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。可知，Wang的系
28、统可以回收利用塑料。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“that day cant come soon enough. But it will come in time.”那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A large body of research has been developed in recent year
29、s to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong? Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an ef
30、fective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the out of sight, out of mind principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight. The research suggesting that we possess a limited res
31、ervoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers dont believe that ones willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point. Willpower
