1、谓语动词八大时态讲练2010年中考复习专项练习-谓语动词八大时态讲练 动词主要表示动作、状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态由动词的五种不同形式来表示。英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词和过去式。英语常见八种时态：一般：现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 过去时：谓语用动词的过去式 将来时：谓语用will/be going to+动词原形现在：进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词 完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去：进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词 完成时：谓
2、语用had+动词的过去分词 将来时：谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形一、一般现在时： 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。（1）一般现在时的构成：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加“-s”或“-es”。（2）一般现在时的用法：表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：表示频度的副词always，often，usually，sometimes等。on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等时间状
3、语。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。如：He gets up at five oclock every day. He often plays football.表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如： The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：
4、The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨
5、我们就只好呆在家) 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.二、一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）1表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yester
6、day morning),(ten minutes) ago, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等。when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talki
7、ng with his father.He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)2表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.3讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose
8、in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer preferred, fix fixed, mix mixed三、一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, in+一段时间; when/ after等引导的状语从句的主句中。I will call you when my mother comes back.用will构成的将来时,表示动
9、作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称。“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.表示有礼貌地询问对面是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。（不用be going to）Will you please lend me your bike?表示意愿时。（不用be going to）We will help him if he asks us. 如果他请我们，我们愿意帮助他。表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。（不用be going to）The sun will rise at 6：30. 太阳将在6：30升起。“
10、be going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词，表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？) Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) “be about to+动
11、词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示按照计划即将发生的动作。如：Tom told her that he was (about) to go abroad.四、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。(1) 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。(2）现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。What are you doing? Im reading English.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。常与these days等时
12、间状语连用。They are studying hard this term. 他们这学期学习一直很努力。My father is writing a novel these days.（3）位移动词：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等，常用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。We are leaving for London soon. 我们很快就要动身去伦敦了。She is going there tomorrow. 她明天要去那里。 Im coming now.(我就来)（4）表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、
13、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it a few days later.（5）但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。A、表示感觉的动词。如see，hear等。B、表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如like，love，hate等。C、表示希望的动词。如want，would like等。D、表示状态的动词。如be等。 E、表示归属的动词。如have等。F、表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如know，think，forget等。(6) 特别注意：Look! The rain _
14、(stop). 答案has stopped Look! The sun _(rise). 答案has risen五、过去进行时：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),以及由when/while引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在
15、做晚饭)The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her. 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ Father was watching TV while mother was cooking supper. 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always b
16、orrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)六、现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没
17、有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句或疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.= I have been
18、away from my hometown since 2005.= It is 3 years since I left my hometown.口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过（次）”)表示人在这里。如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去
19、了英国。) I have been to Beijing three times. (我去过那里三次。)在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。comebe here, gobe there, diebe dead, borrowkeep, buyhave, joinbe in(be a member),leavebe away, begin to studystudy等。如下图：具体变化见下表：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepcomebe herego/leavebe away （from）op
20、en/closebe open/be closedbegin/startbe onend/finishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldbecome interested inbe interested inget marriedge marriedput onwearget upbe upwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleepjoinbe in = be a member ofleavebe away fromarrive/reachbe 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久) + s
21、ince + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语 注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)七、过去完成时：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。过去完成时时间状语有：by (yest
22、erday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for 或since构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.She had left by the time I arrived. 我到达以前，她已经离开
23、了。He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.I met Tom in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other for 3 years.过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before. (直接引语中的过去
24、时或现在完成时，改为间接引语时常改为过去完成时)八、过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).Tom told me (that) he would go swimming the next day.表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作，用were/was going+动词原形。I thought it was going t
25、o rain soon. 我原以为马上就要下雨了。They were going to start a new job when I saw them then.go，come，leave，arrive，start等位移动词，其过去进行时表示过去将来时。配套练习题一单项选择1. I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys bu
26、ies3. The girl often _ cold when she _. A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there? No, I dont think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly. A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D.
27、receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays? A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has xdoes B. HasxdoesC. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives9. Smith
28、does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does. A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesnt heNo D. doesnt heYes10. Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ? A. goesdoesnt B. goesisnt C. doesnt godoes D. doesnt gois11. He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12.
29、Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesnt speak C. speaks D. doesnt speak14. Nobody _ how to run this machines. A. know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every d
30、ay. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiing C. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing17. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ . A. playing dance B. playing dancing C. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins19. _ he _ on well with his fri
