1、定语从句讲练1. 定语从句的概念：在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有： 1）关系代词： 先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose 先行词为物：which, that, whose 2）关系副词：when（on which）, where（in which, at which）, why(for which) 例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. I. 关系代词引导的定语从句 人 物 主格 Who/ Whi
2、ch/ that 宾格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that 定语 whoseof which 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。 关系副词=介词+关系代词3.重点提炼：关系代词副词的判断从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分 试比较： I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. ( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) I wil
3、l never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ） 4. 限制性与非限制性定语从句 （1）.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。（2）.非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。5. 介词的选用介词+关系代词引导定语从句时
4、，介词往往受上下文的约束，究竟使用哪个介词时得从下面几方面来进行考虑。但遇到固定词组动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如： Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。) She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 就不能写成：She has a little daughter, after w
5、hom is looked by her grandma. 因为，look after 是不可分开的固定短语。本期要点：定语从句：As 在定语从句中的用法（1） as 与which 的区别，as 与which一样，可用于非限制性的定语从句；但是as 可以用在非限制性的定语从句中的任何位置，而which只能用于开头。例：As is expected ,the England team won the football match.The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.(2) the samethat与the same.as
6、之间的区别The text book we used is the same book as they are reading now 表示同一类The text book we used is the same book that they are reading now. 表示同一本(3) suchthat,so.that,such.as,such assuchthat 如此。以至于，引导结果状语从句，such 后加名词词组so.that,如此。以至于，引导结构状语从句，so后面加形容词He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.He
7、 is so good that we respect him.Such .as 正如.引导定语从句Such as 比如He is such a good teacher as we respect.Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food wherever they can . （4）asas 和一样 So.as=as.as Yesterday she spent as much time playing as she did studying要点讲解：一、as和which都能
8、引导的定语从句 当非限定性定语从句置于句末时，as和which都可用来引导这个定语从句。例如： Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【简析】答案是B。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容，定语从句部分意为：这当然使别人不高兴。这里不能换用as作引导词，因为我们不能说“正如使别人不高兴”。 The number of senior high school s
9、tudents is increasing, _ is mentioned above. A. that B. it C. such D. as 【简析】答案是D。as引导非限定性定语从句，意思是“正如”。此时也可以换用which引导，但意思有别，意为：这一点上面提到了。 二、只能用which引导的定语从句 1. 在限定性定语从句中。例如： The project _ a British businessman has invested in is under construction at present. A. which B. as C. what D. why 【简析】答案是A。单个词
10、引导限定性定语从句时，一般不用as。当然，本题中的定语从句也可以使用that引导；由于关系词在从句中作宾语，which和that都可以省略。 2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。例如： Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【简析】答案是B。此时的which不能用as来代替。另外还应注意：引导定语从句时，which不能单独作定语，此时不管
11、先行词是人还是物，都只能用whose引导，但指物时，可以与of which替换(如本题)。 3. 当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时，只能用which引导。例如： The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what 【简析】答案是C。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构，只能用which引导，不能用as来替代which。 三、只能用as引导的非限定性定语从句 1. 置于句首时，非限定性定语从句只能用as引导。例如： _ is known to everybo
12、dy, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What 【简析】答案是B。As在定语从句中作主语，这里不能换成Which。 2. 在the same.as 结构中，意思是“像那样的”。例如： Chongqing is not the same city _ we have seen in other places. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. as 【简析】答案是D。as在定语从句中作have seen的宾语。the same . that
13、的意思是“正是；就是”。注意：as不能省略。 3. 在as.as结构中，意思是“像那样的”。例如： No period in history has had as many important changes _ have taken place in the past century. A. which B. as C. that D. what 【简析】答案是B。as引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。 小试牛刀： 1. _ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month. A. That B. As C. It D. Wh
14、at 2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. if 3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 4. Mathilde had to work hard day and night an
15、d bought such a diamond necklace _ she had lost to pay back to Jeanne. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填 5. Robert, is this yours? Yes, its just the same Walkman _ I lost on the playground yesterday. A. which B. what C. as D. that Key: 15 BBDAD 拓展训练： He is now telling the children as he yesterday. (C)A:
16、a story as funny didB: an as funny storydid soC: as funny a story didD: as funny a storydid it他在跟小孩讲一个跟昨天讲的同样有趣的故事。问：as as 一定是把被比较的东西放在中间吧？这里是比较“故事”，还是比较“有趣”？“一个”“同样有趣的故事”，比较故事，所以不能把它放在asas外面,soas也一样。所以排除A.B没有an as funny。的搭配。CD里，请问有没有it?so,it要不要加？asas=soas,前面排序实际就是so funny a story, 后面it指什么？“同样有趣的故事”
17、，这里asas定语从句的关系。那这里as是一个关系代词，先行词是“故事”。已经用了as了，怎么还可能用个soit?不能再用it或so。这个宾语“故事”as 已经用掉了。it在从句里也是故事也是宾语，不能再出现了。先行词不可以再出现在从句中。这题蛮难，前面考排序，后面考有没有宾语。选C他是我认为会赢的那个人。 He is the person who I think he will win. 可不可以？1 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是指整个主句,应该用which(这点你们同意吧？还记得这个句子they have won the game,which made me happy?) 如果翻成“正
18、如”很通，一定将which换成as，往往置于句首。例They betrayed us, which made us very angry. 他们出卖了我们，我们很生气。 他们出卖了我们，正如_ 我们所预料的那样。（predict, expect）They betrayed us, as we expected. 考试很简单，正如我们所预料的那样。The examination was very easy, as we have hoped.置于句首：正如我们所知道的，as we all know,正如我们所预料的，as we expected, as is obvious 正如谣言所讲的那样，
19、as the rumor says, 正如有句话讲的那样，as the saying goes 正如你所见到的那样，as you see专项练习：1I think youre got to the point_a change is needed,otherwise youll fail.A.when B.that C.where D.which2The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships wi
20、th real-life people.A.when B.that C.in which D.on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A.that B.by whichC.which D.in which 4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A.where B.wh
21、ich C.when D.that 5_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As 6_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What 7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.
22、that C.which D.whose 8EBay,Amazon and Wal Mart are popular websites_people can sell goods to each other. A.where B.which C.when D.whose 9On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild. A.which B.from what C.through which D.
23、that 10I hope_the little _I have been able to do has been of some use. A.that;that B./;by which C.what;what D./;with which 11The farmers use wood to build a house_to store grains all the year around.A.with whichB.to which C.whichD.in which 12This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toy
24、s.A.which B.when C.in which D.there13A container weighs more after air is put in_proves that air has weight.A.asB.itC.thatD.which 14Can you tell me where Peter lives? Over there.The two storey house, _there is a garden. A.near it B.from which C.in front of it D.in front of which 15Miss Green took up
25、 the story at the point_the thief had just made off with the jewels. A.where B.whichC.as D.when 16Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_ ,is there?A.who to turn to B.she can turn toC.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 17The year before last,part of Southeast Asia was struck by fl
26、oods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what 18Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests,eating doesnt take much time.A.who B.where C.which D.what 19Later I want to return home but couldnt find a company _I could use_I had lear
27、nt.A.where;that B.where;whatC.when;what D.that;that 20Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used.A.when B.that C.how D.where 21We hope the measures to control house prices，_ are taken by the government，will succeed.A.as B.when C.since D.after 22The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, _surprised them very much.A.to be the best；which B.as the best student；thatC.to have been studying well；it D.such as a good st
