1、软件项目管理,内容提要,项目管理的基本概念（Software Project Management）进度计划（Scheduling）风险管理（Risk Management）项目实例（Software Project Tools Selection）,4 Ps,PeopleSW is an intensely human endeavorProductObjectives,Scope,ConstraintsAlternative solutionsProcessFramework activitiesProjectManagement activitiesrisk,changes,schedu
2、le&milestone,People,PM-CMM:“to enhance the readiness of software organizations to undertake increasingly complex applications by helping attract,grow,motivate,deploy,and retain the talent needed to improve their software development capability”B.Curtis 1994Recruit,selection,performance management,tr
3、aining,compensation,career development,organization and work design and team/culture development和谐团队，各展所长,The Players,Senior managersProject(technical)managersPractitionersCustomers End usersThe Win-Win Strategy,Team Leader,Maximize each persons skills and abilitiesKey traits Weinberg 86MotivationOr
4、ganizationIdeas or innovationKey traits Edgemon 95Problem solvingManagerial identityAchievementInfluence and team building,Software Team,Teaming stylesNo teamInformal teamFormal teamTeam modelsDemocratic decentralized(DD)Controlled decentralized(CD)Controlled Centralized(CC)“We success and fail as a
5、 team”,Communication&Coordination,Formal,impersonal approachesFormal,interpersonal proceduresInformal,interpersonal proceduresElectronic communicationInterpersonal network,内容提要,项目管理的基本概念（Software Project Management）进度计划（Scheduling）风险管理（Risk Management）项目实例（Software Project Tools Selection）,Project p
6、lanning,Objectives and scopeSolutions Resources and constraintsEstimationWork breakdownDivide and conquerScheduling,W5HH Plan,Why is the system being developed?What will by done,by when?Who is responsible for a function?Where are they organizationally located?How will the job be done technically and
7、 managerially?How much of each resource is needed?-Boehm,Project Management,Umbrella activitiesMeasurement&metricsEstimationRisk ScheduleTracking&controlPeople is the pivot element,Scheduling,Question:“How does a project get to be a year late?”Answer:“One day at a time.”,Scheduling,Define all projec
8、t tasksIdentify critical path and the milestonesIdentify the deliverables Tack the process to ensure that delay is recognized and controlled,Basic Principles,CompartmentalizationDecompose into manageable activitiesInterdependencyIdentify the sequencing constraints among tasksTime allocationAllocate
9、work units(e.g person-days)Assign the start date and completion date,Basic Principles,Effort ValidationAssign the right number of staff at the right timeDefined responsibilitiesAssign tasks to individualsDefine outcomesExplicit the deliverables of each taskDefined milestonesReview for quality,“appro
10、ved”,Effort Distribution,40%Analysis and Design20%Implementation40%Testing and EvaluationRatio between design and implementation grows with complexity,Scheduling Views,DecompositionWBS Responsibility Assignment matrixTask Concurrency,ResourcesGannt chart(timeline chart)Task Dependencies,Critical Pat
11、hTask Network(macro level)PERT chart(micro level)CPM(micro level),Work Breakdown Structure,Breakdown tasks into manageable elementsProduct ProcessOrganizationTop-down refinementAnalyze and organize the overall scopeEnsure nothing leftEvaluate and assess the realism,Gantt Chart,“Timeline”view of proj
12、ectIdentify milestonesTrack the progress,甘特图（Gantt Chart）,Activity key:A:总体设计 B:模块1 C:模块2 D:模块3 E:程序1 F:程序2 G:程序3 H:集成测试 I:系统测试,带有时差和逻辑关系的甘特图,内容提要,项目管理的基本概念（Software Project Management）进度计划（Scheduling）风险管理（Risk Management）项目实例（Software Project Tools Selection）,Risk Management,Characteristics of Soft
13、ware RiskCharette 89Concerns the futureInvolves changesInvolves choice and uncertaintyHiguera 95Uncertainty Loss,Strategies,Reactive“Indiana Jones school of risk management”Thomsett 92“Fire-fighting mode”ProactiveIdentify risksAssess probability and impactsPrioritize risksEstablish contingency plan,
14、Categories,Project risksThreaten the project planBudgetary,schedule,personnel,problemsTechnical risksThreaten the quality and timeliness of the software to be producedDesign,implementation,interfacing,problemsBusiness risksThreaten the validity of the software to be builtMarket,business strategy,pro
15、blems,Categories,Charette 89KnownCan be uncovered via plan evaluationPredictable risksExtrapolated from past project experienceUnpredictable risksJoker in the deck,RMMM,Risk Mitigation,Monitoring,and Management Mitigation:Reduce probability and/or impact of risks in advance Monitoring:Watch factors
16、that indicate change in risk probability Management:Implement contingency plan(s),内容提要,项目管理的基本概念（Software Project Management）进度计划（Scheduling）风险管理（Risk Management）项目实例（Software Project Tools Selection）,Summary,Establish realistic planScopeTimeEffortRiskMonitor,track,assess and control Risk and ChangePeople First,
