1、形容词和副词比较级地常用句型及应用形容词和副词比较级的常用句型及应用1.当A B 时，用“比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。注意：一般来说，比较对象为人称代词时，用主格或宾格均可。但是，当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时，人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。I like you better than (he likes) him. 我
2、喜欢你胜过喜欢他。2.当A B，但B包含A时，则须用other来将A排除出去，即：(1)用“比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数”来表示。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。(2)用“比较级 + than + any of the other + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。(3)用“比较级 + than + all the other +名词复数”来表
3、示。如：Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多。(4)用“比较级 + than + (any of) the others”来表示。如：I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少。(5)用“比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is cleverer than the other students in his class.
4、他比班上其他学生聪明。(6)用“比较级 + than + anyone else”来表示。如：You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何别人都更了解。3.当A B，但B不包含A时，句型为：(1)用“比较级 + than + any of the + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is richer than any of the people here. 他比这儿的任何人都有钱。(2)用“比较级 + than + any + 名词单数”来表示。如：Im taller than any student of your class. 我比你们班的任何学生
5、都高。4.当A = B 时，用“as + 原级 + as + 比较对象”来表示。如：She is as tall as me。她与我一样高。He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。5.当A B 时，用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如：Im not as so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸运。He doesnt study as so hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。6.当A = 数字B 时，用下列结构来表示：(1)用“数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比
6、较对象”来表示。如：Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。(2)用“数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象” 来表示。如：Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。(3)用“数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如：He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑
7、得快三倍。注：若指两倍，以上各句型中的“数字+times”则应换成twice。如：This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍, 但窄得多。7.在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高级表示，结构为“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”。如：She is the best player in the team. 她是队里最优秀的运动员。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有学生中最用功的。8.表示“越来越”时，用“比较级 + and +
8、比较级”。如：Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。9.表示“越就越”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。如：The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻，学习越容易。The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多，花的钱也越多。10.“否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如：
9、Ive never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird Ive ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊！我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。asas结构学习要点一、asas结构的基本用法其基本意思为“与一样”，其中的第一个as副词，其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级)，第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点：1.在否定句中，第一个as也
10、可换成so：He doesnt study as so hard as his brother.他学习不如他弟弟努力。2.在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+as”：Youve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。I havent got as much money as I thought.我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)：She is as good a
11、cook as her mother.她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。也可说：She is a cook as good as her mother.但不说：She is as a good cook as her mother.或They are as good cooks as us.二、关于第二个as的词性第二个as后接从句时，该as通常为连词，但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾语，此时该as实为关系代词。如：I gave him as much as he could eat.他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。Weve got food for as many people as want i
12、t.我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。注：若第二个as用作连词引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接使用将来时态。如：Well get there as soon as you do will.你一到，我们就到。三、asas结构的修饰语该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。如：He doesnt play
13、 half as well as his sister.他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。This dress is twice as expensive as that.这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。四、asas结构的省略在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中)，有时可以省略第一个as。如：When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself.他在40多岁时娶了一个像他本人一样穷的女人。另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如：The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good.那
14、家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。比较等级前常见修饰语归纳1.比较级前可用a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly等修饰，表示“稍微”、“一点”。如：Its a little colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一点。Theyre a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点儿了。2.比较级前可用much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather等修饰，表示“得多”。如：Shes a good deal bett
15、er today. 她今天好多了。There are far more people than we expected. 人比我们预计的多得多。注意：quite 也可修饰比较级，表示“得多”，但该比较级通常只限于 better。如：Hes quite better now. 他现在好多了。3.比较级前可用even, still修饰，表示“更”。如：It was even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还要冷。The next day she got up still earlier. 第二天她起床更早些。4.asas 结构前可用 almost, exactly, ha
16、lf, just, nearly, quite,times, twice等修饰，表示程度。如：Lets walk. Its just as quick as taking the bus. 咱们走路去吧，和坐公共汽车去一样快。Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。5.最高级可用 by far, much, about, almost, nearly及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。如：This is by far the best. 这一个显然是最好的。This is
17、much the most difficult. 这是最最难。Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。6.当形容词比较等级修饰名词作定语时，其前通常加冠词(特指用定冠词，泛指用不定冠词)；另外，有时要表示两者之中的较为突出者(通常有 of the two 结构)，此时要在比较级前使用定冠词。如：If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time. 要是没有考试的话，我们在学校玩得还会更开心。Of the two shirts, Id like to cho
18、ose the cheaper one. 我选定这两件中较便宜的那件衬衫。形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化1.单音节以及少数双音节形容词或副词大致按以下规律变化：(1)一般在形容词或副词后面直接加er 变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：oldolderoldesthighhigherhighest(2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：bigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改y为 i 再加-er变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：busy
19、busierbusiestheavyheavierheaviest(4)以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加r 变为比较级，加st 变为最高级。如：largelargerlargestfreefreerfreest2.多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加more变为比较级，加 most变为最高级。如：importantmore importantmost importantdifficultmore difficultmost difficultusefulmore usefulmost useful3.少数单音节单词，特别是分词形容词，须在前面加more变为比较级，
20、(the) most变为最高级。如：fondmore fondmost fondpleasedmore pleasedmost pleased4.有些单词的比较级或最高级有两种形式，如：clevercleverer / more clevercleverest / most cleverableabler / more ableablest / most ablenarrownarrower / more narrownarrowest / most narrow英语比较级和最高级前使用冠词的规律一、基本规律在通常情况下，英语比较级前不用冠词，形容词最高级前用定冠词，副词最高级前可以用定冠词，
21、也可以不用。如：This homework is all right but you could do it better.这份家庭作业还算可以，其实你可以做得更好。That is the best way to prevent such a thing happening again.这是防止这样的事再次发生的最好办法。Theboss praisedthose who had worked(the)hardest.老板表扬了那些工作最努力的人。二、比较级前冠词使用规律比较级前通常不用冠词，但有时也用，这主要见于以下情形：1.当比较级后接名词时，比较级前可能用冠词，此时的冠词不是修饰比较级，而
22、是修饰其后的名词。如：Which of them is the better choice?Well, its hard to tell.他们谁是更合适的人选?嗯，这很难说。Some of the more time-consuming jobs can now be done by machines.有些更费时间的工作现在可以用机器做了.但是，若受比较级修饰的名词为表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词，则仍不用冠词。如：Hes got more money than the rest of us (put) together.他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多。Fewer people write
23、 with their left hand than with their right.用左手写字的人比用右手的少。2.当要特指两者中“较(更)”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词，此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one，即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。如：Which of the two methods is the better?这两种方法哪一种更好?Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that.两个可能性中，后者比前者更可能。3.在比较级前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或条件的短语或从句)。如：Hes h
24、ad a holiday and looks the better for it.他度假之后，气色好多了。I love him all the more for his faults.正因为他这些缺点，所以我越发爱他。4.用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越越”。如：The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.年纪越轻，学习越容易。The better I know her, the more I admire her.我对她越了解，我就越爱慕她。The more money you make, the more you spend
25、.你挣的钱越多，花的钱也越多。5.当by far用于修饰比较级且置于其前时，比较级前要用the。如：He is by far the cleverer than her.他比她聪明得多。Its quicker by far to go by train.坐火车去要快得多。注：与比较级连用，通常要放在比较级之后，若放在比较级前，则比较级通常应带有冠词。如：He is cleverer by far than her.Its by far the quicker to go by train.三、最高级前冠词使用规律1.在形容词最高级前通常用the。如：Hes the best teacher e
26、ven though he has the least experience.他尽管经验最少，但教得最好。2.当最高级形容词用作表语(尤其是用于which后)且不带比较范围时，the有时(尤其是非正式场合)可以省略。如：This dictionary is (the) best.这本词典最好。Which of the boys is (the) strongest?这些男孩子当中哪个力气最大？但是，当处于表语位置的最高级带有比较范围或带有限定性修饰语时，其前的the通常不能省去。如：This dictionary is the best I could find.这是我能找到的最好的词典。He
27、 was the strongest of all the students.他是所有学生中最强壮的。3.当most表示“非常”时，若其后形容词所修饰的名词为单数可数且表示泛指意义，那么其前用不定冠词而不用定冠词。如：I had a most unpleasant time at the dentists.我在牙医那里受了大罪。She is a most mysterious person.她是一个非常神秘的人。4.当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时，处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不能加the。如：Its safest to go by bus.坐公共汽车去最安全。Vegetables
28、are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。比较：Hes busiest on Sunday.他星期天最忙。(他与自己平时比)Hes the busiest of all the people here.他是这儿所有人当中最忙的。(他与别人比)5.与形容词的最高级一样，当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时，副词最高级前也不能加the。如：He works hardest when hes doing something for his family.他为自己家做事时最卖力。比较：Of all the workers, he works (the) hard
29、est.在所有工人中，他干活最卖力。使用than的常见语法难点一、后接人称代词用主格还是宾格由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词，所以当后接人称代词时，可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格，在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。如：Everyone here is taller than I me.这儿的每一个人都比我高。Her sister swims faster than she her.她姐姐游泳比她快。但是，若人称代词之后跟有动词，则只能用主格。如：Everyone here is taller than I am.这儿的每一个人都比我高。Her sister swims fas
30、ter than she does.她姐姐游泳比她快。注意：有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较：I love you more than he (likes you).我比他更爱你。I love you more than (he likes) him.我爱你胜过爱他。二、后接动词用不定式还是动名词1.当连接两个非谓语动词时，通常应使用一样的形式。如：It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it.借债容易还债难。He likes playing chess more than watching TV.与看电视相比，他更喜欢下棋。比较：He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.=He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。2.若不是连接两个非谓语动词，则其后出现的动词通常用动名词形式(虽然也可用不定式，但不如用动名词普通)。如：There are worse calamities than failing your dri
