1、2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his
2、 friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spous
3、e her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests o
4、ffer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11. Newlyweds traditionally move inwith t
5、he wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14, but not common. Divorced persons are 15 withsome disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorce
6、d persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.Aby way ofBon behalf ofCas well asDwith regard to2.Aadapt toBprovide forCcompetewithDdecided on3.AcloseBrenewCarrangeDpostpone4.AAbove allBIn
7、theoryCIn timeDFor example5.AAlthoughBLestCAfterDUnless6.AintoBwithinCfromDthrough7.AsinceBbutCorDso8.AcopyBtestCreciteDcreate9.AfoldingBpilingCwrappingDtying10.ApassingBlightingChidingDserving11.AmeetingBcollectionCassociationDunion12.AgrowBpartCdealDlive13.AwhereasBuntilCifDfor14.AobtainBfollowCch
8、allengeDavoid15.AisolatedBpersuadedCviewedDexposed16.AwhateverBhoweverCwheneverDwherever17.AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18.AwithdrawnBinvestedCdonatedDdivided19.AbreaksBwarnsCshowsDclears20.Aso thatBwhileConceDin thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. An
9、swer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave pre
10、liminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined b
11、y looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, a
12、bout the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character
13、 and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined
14、 index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models a
15、nd fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: We are
16、 aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in gene
17、ral it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first parag
18、raph, what would happen in France?ANew runways would be constructed.BPhysical beauty would be redefined.CWebsites about dieting would thrive.DThe fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase impinging on(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to.Aheightening the value ofBindicating the state ofClosi
19、ng faith inDdoing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?ANew standards are being set in Denmark.BThe French measures have already failed.CModels are no longer under peer pressure.DIts inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW fo
20、r.Apursuing perfect physical conditionsBcaring too much about models characterCshowing little concern for health factorsDsetting a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?AA Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body IdealsBA Dilemma for the Starving Mod
21、els in FranceCJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyDThe Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family, Shak
22、espeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. It was specifically to pr
23、ovide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air. Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They dont make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election
24、none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising off-plan building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. L
25、abour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farages speech this year to the Campaign to Protect Rural Eng
26、andstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London a
27、rea alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural
28、new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do n
29、ot ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europes most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-d
30、ensity urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countryside.Adidnt start till the Shakesp
31、earean ageBhas brought much benefit to the NHSCis fully backed by the royal familyDis not well reflected in politics27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being.Agradually destroyedBeffectively reinforcedClargely overshadowedDproperly protected28.which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?ALabour is under atta
