1、整理史上最全的中英文对照的汽车术语词汇力荐极品（5）建设项目对环境影响的经济损益分析。（4）列出辨识与分析危险、有害因素的依据，阐述辨识与分析危险、有害因素的过程。影响支付意愿的因素有：收入、替代品价格、年龄、教育、个人独特偏好以及对该环境物品的了解程度等。（3）环境影响技术评估。一、安全评价同建设项目安全评价相关但又有不同的还有：地质灾害防治管理办法规定的地质灾害危险性评估，地震安全性评价管理条例中规定的地震安全性评价，中华人民共和国职业病防治法中规定的职业病危害预评价等。第五章环境影响评价与安全预评价四、安全预评价（二）安全评价的基本原则（三）环境标准和环境影响评价技术导则此文档经本人整理
2、，相当全面，是学习参考的好资料。第一类 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽车一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类1.1 Car 轿车序号英 文中 文1passenger car轿 车2minicar微型轿车3subcompact car普通级轿车4compact car中级轿车5intermediate car中高级轿车6limousine car高级轿车1.2 Bus 客车序号英 文中 文1bus客 车2mini-bus微型客车3light bus轻型客车4medium bus中型客车5large bus大型客车6extra bus特大型客车7articulated bus
3、铰链客车8double-deck bus双层客车1.3 Motor truck 货车序号英 文中 文1motor truck货 车2mini- truck微型货车3light truck轻型货车4medium truck中型货车5heavy truck重型货车6off-road vehicle越野汽车1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车序号英 文中 文1special purpose vehicle专用汽车2van厢式汽车3tanker罐式汽车4dump truck自卸汽车序号英 文中 文5semi-trailer towing vehicle半挂牵引汽车6full
4、-trailer toeing vehicle全挂牵引汽车二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成序号英 文中 文1engine 发动机2front axle前 桥3wheel车 轮4clutch离合器5gearbox变速器6propeller shaft传动轴7universal joint万向节8final drive and differential主减速器和差速器9rear axle后 桥10body车 身2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能序号英 文中 文1maximum sp
5、eed of the automobile汽车最高车速2time of acceleration of the automobile汽车加速时间3maximum gradability of the automobile汽车最大爬坡度4constant-speed fuel econ-omy of the automobile汽车等速油耗5economical speed of the automobile汽车经济车速2.3 engine position 发动机布置序号英 文中 文1front engine , rear wheeldrive前置发动机，后轮驱动2rear engine ,
6、rear wheeldrive后置发动机，后轮驱动序号英 文中 文3front engine , front wheeldrive前置发动机，前轮驱动4under cab-floor engine驾驶室下置发动机5underfloor engine车厢地板下置发动机三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸序号英 文中 文1vehicle overall length车长2vehicle overall width车宽3vehicle overall height车高4front overhang前悬5real overhang后悬6wheelbase轴距7tread轮距8ground
7、clearance 最小离地间隙9angle of incidence接近角10descent angle离去角四、Wheel alignment前轮定位序号英 文中 文1caster 主销后倾2steering axis inclination主销内倾3camber 前轮外倾4toe-in前轮前束五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径序号英 文中 文1steering angle 转向角2outside diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯外径3minimum turning circlediameter最小转弯直径4Ins
8、ide diameter of minimum turning circle最小转弯内径5Turning clearance circle转弯通道圆第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英 文中 文1rocker arm cover摇臂罩2valve rocker arm气门摇臂3camshaft凸轮轴4camshaft drive凸轮轴驱动轮5spark plug lead火花塞导线6timing belt cover正时皮带罩7valve spring气门弹簧8poppet valve菌形气门9piston活塞10connecting rod
9、连杆11timing belt正时皮带12combustion chamber燃烧室13cylinder block汽缸体14water jacket 水套15oil filter机油滤清器16flywheel飞轮17ring gear齿圈18oil gage机油标尺19oil pan/sump油底壳20crankshaft曲轴21drain plug放油孔塞22v-belt pulleyV型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英 文中 文1cylinder diameter汽缸直径2piston stroke活塞行程3crank radius曲轴半径4piston displ
10、acement活塞排量5compression chamber volume压缩室容积6total cylinder volume总汽缸容积7top dead center上止点8bottom dead center下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5c
11、ombustible mixture可燃混合气6intake valve进气门7spark plug火花塞8exhaust valve排气门9exhaust gas废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1intake stroke进气行程2compression stroke压缩行程3expansion stroke膨胀行程4exhaust stroke 排气行程5intake进气6compression压缩7combustion燃烧8expansion膨胀9exhaust排气10air空气
12、11injector喷油器12exhaust gas废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英 文中 文1combustible mixture可燃混合气2inlet port进气口3crankcase曲轴箱4precompressed mixture预压混合气序号英 文中 文5transfer canal输气道6intake port进气口7exhaust port排气口8exhaust gas废气9spark plug火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation p
13、rinciple二冲程柴油机工作原理1air空气2blower pump扫气泵3precompressed air预压空气4air chamber空气室5inlet port 进气口6injector喷油器7exhaust valve排气门8exhaust gas废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英 文中 文1fixed throttle characteristics速度特性2part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3engine speed转速4torque扭矩5horsepower功率6specific fuel consumptio
14、n燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英 文中 文1cylinder block汽缸体2cylinder liner汽缸套3cylinder bearing surface汽缸套表面4cylinder head汽缸盖5inlet manifold mountingflange进气歧管凸缘6oil inlet hole加油孔7cylinder head cover汽缸盖罩序号英 文中 文8cylinder head gasket汽缸盖衬垫9oil filter mounting flange机油滤清
15、器凸缘10ventilating pipe mounting seat通风管座11cylinder block stiffeningrib汽缸体加强肋12rear main bearing cover后主轴承罩13main bearing cap主轴承盖14oil sumppan gasket油底壳衬垫15oil sump/pan油底壳16fuel pump mountingflange燃油泵凸缘17ignition distributor mounting flange分电器凸缘18camshaft bearing bushseat凸轮轴轴承座19camshaft drive(gear)co
16、ver凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20cylinder head covergasket汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组序号英 文中 文1connecting rod shank连杆杆身2connecting rod small end连杆小头3connecting rod bushing连杆衬套4spring clip弹簧卡环5piston pin活塞销6piston head活塞头部7piston ring groove活塞环槽8compression ring压缩环9oil scraper ring 油环10piston skirt活塞裙部11piston
17、pin boss活塞销座12connecting rod bearing halfshell连杆轴瓦13connecting rod cap连杆螺栓14connecting rod cap连杆大头盖15Connecting rod end连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号英 文中 文1crankshaft front end曲轴前端2front main journal前主轴颈3oil passage hole机油孔4crank pin 曲柄销5crank web曲柄臂6counterweight 平衡重7crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8f
18、lywheel 飞轮9flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10flywheel lock plate飞轮锁片11clutch shaft bearing离合器轴轴承12main bearing halfshell(upper,lower)主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13crankshaft thrust halfring曲轴止推片14bearing tang轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门序号英 文中 文1camshaft凸轮轴2cam凸轮3tappet气门挺杆4side valve侧置气门5crankshaft timing g
19、ear曲轴正时齿轮6camshaft gear-wheel凸轮轴齿轮7gear drive齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英 文中 文1camshaft 凸轮轴2camfollower凸轮顶杆3push rod推杆4adjuster调整螺钉5cocker shaft摇臂轴6rocker shaft摇臂7valve spring气门弹簧序号英 文中 文8valve 气门9valve气道10combustion chamber燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英 文中 文1camshaft front bearing凸轮轴前轴承2valve head
20、气门头3valve stem气门杆4tappet挺筒5lower valve spring collar气门弹簧下环6outer valve spring外气门弹簧7valve guide气门导管8inner valve spring内气门弹簧9shielding cap护帽10oil flinger油封11upper valve spring collar气门弹簧上环12valve split cone 气门锁片13closer螺塞14rocker shaft摇臂轴15rocker arm摇臂16rocker bracket摇臂支座17retaining washer定位摇臂18thrust
21、 washer止推摇臂19rocker adjusting screw摇臂调整螺钉20push rod推杆21camshaft rear bush凸轮轴后轴承22camshaft 凸轮轴23camshaft center bush凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24cam凸轮25oil pump driving gear机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图序号英 文中 文1TDC（top dead center）上止点2BDC(bottom dead center)下止点3intake opens进气门开序号英 文中 文4intake close进气门关5exhaus
22、t opens排气门开6exhaust closes排气门关7direction of rotation旋转方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英 文中 文1fuel level gauge 油面指示表2air cleaner空气滤清器3carburetor化油器4inlet manifold进气歧管5exhaust manifold排气歧管6fuel pump汽油泵7fuel filter汽油滤清器8exhaust silencer排气消声器9fuel pipe油管10fuel tank汽油箱7.2 Air
23、cleaner 空气滤清器序号英 文中 文1intake tube进气管2deflector knob 导流旋扭3air deflector空气导流器4cleaner body滤清器壳5butterfly nut蝶形螺帽6filter cover滤清器盖7filter seal ring滤清器密封环8cleaner cartridge滤清器滤芯9silencer element消声元件10crankcase bleed pipe曲轴箱通风管11hot air pipe热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器序号英 文中 文1fuel pump base汽
24、油泵座2diaphragm膜片序号英 文中 文3fuel inlet neck汽油进口4fuel pump body汽油泵壳5filter screen滤清器网6bowl cover泵盖7fuel feed port汽油出口8distance washer调整间隔垫圈9diaphragm spring膜片弹簧10rocker arm摇臂11fulcrum pin杠杆支点销12fuel filter汽油滤清器13filter body滤清器壳14filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15glass bowl玻璃滤杯16bowl retaining clip滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple c
25、arburetor 简单化油器序号英 文中 文1air cleaner空气滤清器2valve needle针阀3float浮子4nozzle喷管5chock tube喉管6throttle valve节气门7intake manifold进气歧管8metering jet量孔9float chamber浮子室10intake valve进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器序号英 文中 文1down-draft carburetor下喷式化油器2nozzle喷管3float chamber浮子室4choke tube喉管5throttle valve节气门6intake manifold进气歧管7two-barrel carburetor双管化油器序号英 文中 文8choke tube喉管9plug旋塞10filter gauze滤清器金属丝网11fFuel inlet port进气门口12valve seat阀座13valve needle针阀14
