1、小学英语介词及专项训练小学英语介词及专项训练 介词(Preposition) 一、概述 介词是英语中很活跃的词,一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。 二、常用介词的基本用法 at 表示时间:I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。 表示在某一具体地点:He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。 表示动作的方向、目标:Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。 用于某些固定搭配:at once
2、立刻、马上at last 最后 at the same time 同时at first 开始时 not at all 一点也不 about 表示大约时间:Its about six oclock now. 现在大约6点钟了。 表示地点;在周围:Everything about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。 关于,对于:We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。 after 在之后:After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。 在后面:He came into the room after me. 他在
3、我后面进了房间。 behind 在之后:There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车 比晚,迟于:The train is behind time. 火车晚点了 by 在旁:He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。 到时候:We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止,我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。 以方式:I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。 用于某些固定搭配:one by one 一个接一个by the way 顺便说一句 1 为,给,替:Ill
4、 make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。 由于:Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。 表示给(某人)用的:There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。 in 在里面:The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 在一段时间里:We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。 用,以:Whats this in English? 这用英语怎么说? 在某一年份,季节,月份:in 2002, in spring, in January 表示状态,
5、服饰:Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。 在方面:He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。 用于某些固定搭配:in front of 在前面 in the end 最后 in time 及时 like 像样:He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。 这样,那样:Dont look at me like that. 别那样看着我。 怎样:Whats the weather like? 天气怎样。 near 靠近,在附近:My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 of 的(表示所属关系):This
6、is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。 的(用于所有格):He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 表示数量(与连词连用):One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京 想到,谈到:I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。 用于某些固定搭配:of course 当然 because of 因为,由于 on 在上面:There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上):They go to English class
7、 on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。 I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。 用于某些固定搭配:on duty 值日on time 准时 在正上方:There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。 遍及,穿过:There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。 超过,不止:She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。 to 到,往,向:He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。 表示时间、数量, 到为止Please
8、 count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30. 向,对,给:Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。 under Whats under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么? with 和,写:Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗? 表示伴随状态,带有:Whos that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁? 三、介词的固定搭配 1)介词和名词的连用2)动词和介词的连用 at arrive at/in 到达 at first 起初;开始get off 下车 at last 最后h
9、elp sb. With sth. 帮组某人做某事 at school 在上课,在上学ask for 请求 at the moment 此刻get up 起床 at home 在家;无拘束laugh at 嘲笑 at present 现在learn from 向学习 at work 上班,在工作look after 照顾 at the same time 同时look for 寻找 think for 想到 on worry about 担心 on duty 值日listen to 听 on holiday 度假look at 看;注视 on time 准时talk about 交谈;谈 on
10、 the left/right 在左/右边wait for 等候;等 on the radio 在广播中thank for 为而感谢 on foot 步行 on sale 出售;降价出售3)形容词和介词连用 on TV 在电视上播放be afraid of 害怕 on the phone 在电话中be careful with 小心;关心 on the way 在路上be interested in 对感兴趣 be good at 善于 in be proud of 感到自豪 in all 总体be crazy about 酷爱 in class 在课堂上be late for 干某事迟到 i
11、n English 用英语be good for 对有利 in short 总之4)其他 in a hurry 匆忙地by+交通工具 in the end 最后by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land in bed 躺在床上lots of/a lot of 许多,大量 in danger 在危险中at most 至多 in fact 事实上at least 至少 in time 及时地at once 立刻;马上 in a minute 立刻in order to 为了 练习 一.将下列短语翻译成英语。 1.在早晨_ 2.在家_ 3.上周_ 4.每年_
12、5.下个周末_ 6.晚饭后_ 7.八点以前_ 8.在冰箱的前面_ 9.步行_ 10.乘公共汽车_ 11.擅长游泳_ 12.在一个星期五的早晨_ 二.选用括号内恰当的介词填空。 1) Whats this_(at, on, in ) English? 2) Christmas is_(at, on, in ) the 25th of December. 3) The man_(with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father. 4) He doesnt do well_(at, on, in ) PE. 5) Look at those birds_(on, in )
13、 the tree. 6) We are going to meet_( at, on, in ) the bus stop_( at, on, in ) half past ten. 7) Is there a cat_(under, behind, in ) the door? 8) Helens writing paper is_(in, in front of ) her computer. 9) We live_(at, on, in ) a new house now. 10) Does it often rain_ (at, on, in ) spring there? 三.圈出
14、下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。 1) Jim is good in English and Maths. _ 2) The films were in the ground just now. _ 3) They are talking to their plans. _ 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? _ 5) Womens Day is at the third of March. _ 6) I can jog to school on the morning. _ 7) Did you water
15、 trees at the farm? _ 8) Can you come and help me on my English? _ 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning._ 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? _ 四.用适当的介词填空 1. The man_ blue i s Jacks father. 2. Who the girl_ small mouth? 3. You shouldnt walk_ the grass. 4. Look, Nancy is sitting_ her fa
16、ther and mother. 5. You must stay away_ the house. 6. Now, I know a lot_ insects. 7. My little brother always has a lot_ questions. 8. Were very happy_ school. 9. Keep_ the grass, please. 10. Jim is in Row 4. I sit_ him. 11. Lets hurry, were late_ the class. 12. Liu Tao is passing the ball_ David. 1
17、3. Whos the woman_ the red scarf? 14. Our classroom is_ the teachers office. 15. Look_ the picture. Who is the girl_ the man and the woman. 16. Can you read the number_ one_ ten? 17. Go_ the street, turn right at the first crossing. 18. What can you see_ the tree? Some peaches. 19. Mr. Wang is ill.
18、Hes_ home. 20. Heres a letter_ Fang Ming. Let me read it to you. 21. My skirts are_ the sofa. 22. This is a photo_ my family 23. Can I go_ you? 24. The girl_ green is my aunt. 25. There are some bikes_ the big tree. 26. Put your umbrella_ the door. 27. The post office is_ the bank of China 28. I can
19、 see a sofa_ the desk and the fridge. 29. The reading room is _the third floor_ this building. 30. Look! Its a map _ China. It looks like a rooster. 31. I cant find my CD walkman. It was_ my schoolbag and the lamp just now. 32. Come_ my home and have a look. 33. The children are talking_ that footba
20、ll match. 34. Today is the 6th_February. The Spring Festival is coming. 35. Your exercise book is_ the ground. Pick it up. 36. The birthday present is_ my father. Let me open it _myself. 37. He is twelve this year. But he is as tall _ his father. 五.选择最佳答案填空 1. The girl was born_ the 4th of June, 199
21、3. A. on B. in C. at D. for 2. There are many tall trees_ the building. A. at front of B. in front of C. in the front of D. in front 3. How can I speak it_ Japanese? A. from B. for C. at D. in 4. Thank you_ giving me so much help. A. to B. for C. with D. in 5. Listen_ the tape carefully! Dont talk.
22、A. to B. at C. for D. about 6. Why not play football_ us? Whats wrong_ you? A. with, for B. for, with C. with, with D. for, for 7. Your mother is cooking. You should stay away_ the kitchen. A. from B. to C. for D. with 8. Children like dressing_ _ costumes at Halloween. A. up, on B. in, up C. in, / D. up, in
