1、陈映芳当前中国城市的居住生活安全问题Chen Yingfang the safety of living in Chinese cities陈映芳当前中国城市的居住生活安全问题（Chen Yingfang the safety of living in Chinese cities）Chen Yingfang: the current residential safety issues in Chinese cities: 9ptCurrent residential safety issues in Chinese citiesChenyingfang(speech at the Inter
2、national Symposium on human security and the Harmonious Society: China and Asia) in June 21, 2006, Nankai University1, about the safety of residential lifeThis topic is one of the subjects I have been working on all these years. It is mainly about the study of the relationship between the renovation
3、 and renewal of modern cities and the reconstruction of residents lives. This issue is also an international problem, and it involves many aspects. I just want to take this opportunity to sort out some of the problems today, and one of the words this question just with the meeting is directly relate
4、d to human security, from which we can extract a new problem, this is the living security.In my research, there are two concepts which are more important, one is the concept of Japanese sociology, the life structure. This concept is not seen in American and European Sociology, but it is a very impor
5、tant area in sociology, especially in urban sociology. This concept refers to the basic elements of human life, such as time, space, income, economy, family, social relations and so on. Human life itself is made up of these elements. It is an organic combination of all kinds of factors. For example,
6、 each of us lives in the city, basically has a node, which belongs to the elements of the spatial structure. Time is also for all walks of life and professions. In fact, the elements of time are different. In addition, everyones income, expenses and so on, of course, are also important elements of l
7、ife. The elements are organically combined.Another concept is livability. 02 years, the United States has a book on urban life, mainly on this issue, is to study the urban life of developing countries, is about the habitability of the city. City, a good city, it should provide good conditions and en
8、vironment for peoples life, is such a concept. Theres a lot involved here. The reason why we will study the introduction of this concept, because now we talk about the city, especially the transformation of the city, leading the transformation basically is in with live the government is also an impo
9、rtant reason for this, the transformation of the city is to improve the living conditions of the people. The justification for the present urban renewal movement is justified. But we should study what kind of city is really livable city.With just a few concepts, peoples living life involves a struct
10、ural problem, involving a variety of factors such as time and space, occupation, leisure, the family life, social activities, social network residents, etc. Different from the social dimension, living life involves personal, family, and community in different life, including now we say small (the ma
11、in carrier of neighbourhood), also may be related to the regional society. Different kinds of life problems need to be considered from different dimensions. Livable cities should not only provide good living conditions and provide convenient living city, but also should be able to maintain the livin
12、g structure of the residents of the organic city.2, the right to liveAnother key to my speech today is the right to live. If we talk about the narrow right to live, then we can mainly interpret it as legal rights. But how can the rights conferred by the state law be implemented by every citizen? Thi
13、s is still a problem.The right of habitation involves the ownership and use right of land. In China, the ownership of urban land is owned by the state, and the residents have the right to use it. But now the expansion of the city involves farmers in the suburbs. The rural land in the suburbs is coll
14、ectively owned, where there is a land ownership problem, and the owner of the land and the ownership of the homestead is the peasant (collective).In addition, the right to housing also includes property rights, and many residents in the city have property rights. In addition, the right of residence
15、also includes the right to use the house. Many residents have the right to use the house as determined by law. This kind of right can be exchanged in the market.That is to say, residents, and farmers in the suburbs, have so many rights to their property. Then, our government in the urban transformat
16、ion, housing relocation process is how to implement the residents right to live? Now we can see some institutional implementation, such as economic compensation, monetary compensation, or physical (housing) compensation. Of course, the urban and rural areas are different, and for urban residents, as
17、 people, their ownership of state-owned land is basically empty,The degree of protection of the right to use is also very limited, and the government can recover the right to use the land in the hands of the residents in accordance with its own needs. Then, in rural areas, their homestead will be re
18、placed, but in fact, the collective ownership of the village now, how to implement the individual rights, this is still a problem.The protection of residents living is related to land ownership at first. In most countries all over the world, the land is private, whether it is the city or the country
19、. Chinas urban land ownership problem, in Asia, first of all, unlike Japan and South Korea, very few comparable. But apart from the mainland, we have a Hongkong to refer to. Hongkongs urban land is also owned by the government, not private. Under such a system, the Housing Authority, narrow sense of
20、 housing security, there is a problem: how to protect their homes and neighborhoods? We can see, Hongkong in residential policy, urban transformation and resettlement issues, the public and the governments opposition is also very sharp. But relatively speaking, the situation in the mainland is more
21、prominent, because the government is more powerful. Yesterday, someone discussed with me, saying, apart from the ownership of land, do you still have property ownership? But there is a premise, this land is the state, and now actually state-owned land basically be converted into all government, the
22、interests of land owned by the government, the public has no right to use the land can restrict the government power. We returned to the city 49 years later, so the public ownership of the city was very smooth, because the land below your house was national. The same is true now. The government says
23、 that because of what construction needs, the use of this land, and the residents, whether or not they have property rights, must be made. That is to say, the government has the right to recover the residents of state-owned land use rights (property ownership and use rights at the same time it can i
24、gnore the citizens), as long as a giving public welfare or city development needs reason on the line.And our countrys land is collectively owned. This is not the same as in Hongkong. The villagers who lived in Hongkong were privately owned. The houses of these people were protected, and the governme
25、nt could not just dismantle them and drive them to other places. By contrast, the implementation of collective ownership of land has become a problem in the mainland. We rarely see a successful example of village collective protection of farmers land ownership (the village in the South) partly prote
26、cts the interests of the villagers land and property. In this regard, some scholars stressed that the protection of the interests of farmers should consider the privatization of land or the freedom of land transfer to farmers. However, the present peasants do not have any legal right to the land and
27、 the houses. They have collective ownership of land and the right to use their own homestead. The key is that they lack the means and the actual possibility to protect their legal rights. The same is true of the city, the public has the right to the use of land in the law, but also property rights o
28、r the use of housing, but it is difficult to protect.The real question is whether the legal rights of the peasants and citizens can really be implemented, rather than what specific authority they have.3, the generalized right to live and the safety of residential lifeToday, I want to talk about the
29、issue of housing rights in a broad sense. This relates to the theme of todays meeting, which is that it is a safety issue in residential life. In fact, it involves the maintenance, protection, development, the right to development, the freedom of development and the possibility of development for ev
30、ery citizen, every citizen, individual and family. Specific institutional aspects of housing security, housing benefits, as well as I said the city livable.In addition to the city of city, there are community, or need to use the concept of neighborhood. The establishment of livable cities, communiti
31、es and residential areas involves the problems of urban planning and community planning. Including public facilities planning, resource allocation, traffic construction and so on, is a series of problems. In addition, it also involves the environment, the environment should be a very important topic
32、 of urban social research, speaking of broad sense of housing rights, these should be incorporated into the urban social system.A large background of housing security issues is a phenomenon Chinese city with many countries of the city has been very alike, the citys economic development and real esta
33、te development, land development and economic benefits hang together, city economic development of real estate has become dependent. Land and its real estate become the most important commodity in the city, the most important management object of capital, and also become the most important resources of the gove
