1、如am,is are,was,were.如：He is clever.She is a beautiful girl.B）除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1）表感官的动词。feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。This kind of cloth feels soft.That flower smells good.The food tastes delicious.That piece of music sounds beautiful.He looks ill today.2）表变化和结果的动词。become, get, grow, turn,
2、 go, come, prove等。Shebecomesmore and more beautiful.Itgetsdark.Yougrowolder than before.Leavesturnyellow in autumn.Springcomes. Itsgettingwarmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。Dont have the food. Ithas gonebad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。3）表状态的动词 remain, keep, seem, appear，hold（容纳）, stay等
3、。We should always remain honest.It remains dark outside.外面天还是黑的。The door keeps open/closed.The classroom can hold 50 people.You stay naughty after so many years.主系表结构中的表语常常有以下成分充当：1） S + Lv + N/Pron（名词/代词） He is a clever boy. That girl is her（代词）.2） S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful.3） S + Lv + Adv
4、 （副词） Class is over.4） S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5） S + Lv + Participle（分词）He is excited. The film is interesting.基本句型 汉译英练习 主谓宾结构（一）三. Subject（主语） Verb （谓语） Object （宾语）此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不 能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
5、作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。 He knows the answer.（名词）I like her.（代词）2）S+VT（及物动词）+不定式I want to help him.（不定式）常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope,intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse,want, wish等。3） S + VT + Wh-开头的词 + 不定式I dont know what to do.ask, c
6、onsider, decide, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see,settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4） S + VT + 动名词I enjoy living here.admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy,excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up,cant
7、 help等。5） S + VT + That-从句I dont think （that） he is right.Admit, believe, command, confess, declare,demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel（觉得）, hear（听说）, hope,imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, propose, request,report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand,wish, wonder（觉
8、得奇怪）。此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。昨晚我写了一封信。今天下午我想同你谈谈。这本书他读过多次了。他们成功地完成了计划。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。Jim还不会自己穿衣服。我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。他不知道说什麽好。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。我开窗户你在意吗？主谓宾结构（二）此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。1.含有away, out, forward, up等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。They
9、 carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说，They carried the plan out successfully.但我们只能说As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）,等。2.而含有介
10、词at, for, from, into, of, with, to等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with（对付，应付）, object to（反对）, pay for（付的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.in在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等
11、意思。如，get in（收割）,hand in（提交，交进）。用作介词，表示“在地点”，“在范围”，“在方面”。如，persist in（坚持），succeed in （在成功）。Off在动词词组中用作副词，表示“关闭”，“隔离，离开”，“去掉”，等意思。如，turn off（关掉）, switch off（关掉）, ring off（挂断电话）, keep off（远离）, take off（脱掉）, kick off（踢脱）, carry off（运走）, put off（推迟）, pay off（付清）,give off（放出）.用作介词，表示“从下来”。如，get off（下车）, f
12、all off（从掉下来）.On在动词词组中用作副词，表示“开”，“走开”，“传递”，“穿戴”。如，turn on（开）,move on（走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）.用作介词，表示“在上”，“在方面”。如，work on（从事于）, operate on（在上动手术）, agree on（同意）。表示“上车，上船，上”,如,get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）。表示“依靠”，“以为基础”，“按照”，如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以为基础）, feed on（以为食）, live on（以为生计）.Over在
13、动词词组中用作副词，表示“翻转”，“翻倒”，如，turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over（推倒）.表示“过一遍”，“仔细”，“遍及”，如，think over（仔细考虑）,look over（仔细查看，研究）.用作介词，表示“从上越过”，如，fly over（从上飞过）, jump over（从上跳过）.go over（越过，横过）。表示“为了”，“由于”，如，quarrel over（为争吵）,cry over（因哭泣）.表示“查看”，“复习”，“检查”，如，go over（检查，复习）.附：许多由及物动词+名词+介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语，如：pay attention
14、to（注意）, catch hold of（抓住，握住）, catch sight of（看见，发现）,do harm to（对有害）, get rid of（排除，除去）, make fun of（取笑，嘲笑）,put （ones） heart into（专心于）, say hello to（打招呼）, sing praise for（赞扬，表扬）,take care of（照顾）, take part in（参加）, take pride in（以自豪，骄傲）。1.我不信任那个人。2.他指出了我的作文中的错误。3.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。4.你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。5.五分钟内我
15、们是不可能解出这道题来的。6.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。7.这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。8.你在工作中可依靠他。9.沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。10.写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。11.脱掉你的外套，走前再穿。12.人们会把她找出来的。13.我们必须派人去请医生基本句型汉译英练习双宾语结构这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。I gave hi
16、m help.I sent him a book.I bought May a book.Please show me your picture.Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.I owe him some money.They told me about your story.I sold my car to Tom.注意：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1）动词宾语for sb.；2）动词宾语to sb。“for”常常表示动作的受益者，或“动作是为谁做的”；而“to”常常表示动作的对象，或“动作是对谁做
17、的”。He sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.Please show your picture to me.ll offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。间接宾语前常常加to的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do（带来），give,grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read,refuse, render, rest
18、ore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, cook, choose, fetch,find, fix, get, keep, leave, make, order, paint, play（演奏），save, sing等。此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词
19、to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, o
20、rder,sing, save, spare,等。1. Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8. Robinson Crusoe给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。复合宾语结构五. Subject（主语）Verb （动词）Object （宾语）Complement（补语）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟
21、一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。这种句型中的宾语宾语补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任宾语补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。1） S + VT +名词/代词We named our baby Tom.We elected Obama president of the United States.We made/chose/ him our monitor（班长）.appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find,make, name, nominate（命名）。2） S + VT +名词
22、/代词+形容词He painted the wall white.They find the house empty.I cut the stick short.我把棒子砍短了。I got my clothes dirty.I kept the door open.She left her baby alone.I made the house clean.I washed my shirt clean.beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep,leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wa
23、sh, wipe, wish等。3） S + VT + N/Pron +介词短语She always keeps everything in good order.I always find him in the garden.4） S + VT + N/Pron +不定式I wish Mary to come to my party.I made him workI advise him to have a rest.a）不定式带to的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause,choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, fo
24、rce, get, hate, invite,know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain,request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b）不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5） S + VT + N/Pron + Participle （分词）I heard my name called.I saw him beaten by a stra
25、nger.I hear her singing in the house.catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine,keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set,smell, start, watch等。6） S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word +不定式He show me how to do it.He told me where to go.advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7） S + VT
26、 + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that the film was great.assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell,warm等。8） S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.He showed me where I should go.She taught me how I should do the job.Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.Keep the children quiet
27、, please.请让孩子们安静下来。He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。1. Jim finds h
28、is job a challenge.宾补为n.2. I found the movie interesting.宾补为adj.3. Why did you leave the light on?宾补为adv.4. We found her in tears.宾补为介词短语5. They encouraged her to try again.宾补为不定式6. My mother told me not to worry.宾补为不定式7. We heard someone knocking on the door.宾补为V-ing8. Do you smell something burnin
29、g?宾补为V-ing9. I had my computer fixed last week.宾补为V-ed10. You should make yourself understood.宾补为V-ed此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语。I found it very pleasant to
