1、美国Musicculturalessay黑人音乐发展简史美国Music cultural essay：黑人音乐发展简史美国文化essay：黑人音乐发展简史在19世纪晚期，美国的黑人音乐家们开始发动音乐活动。一首为赛马即兴创作的歌曲创造出了拉格泰姆音乐。“听起来实在是寒酸”，一位目击者这样说，记者们将“拉格泰姆”的名称公之于众。拉格泰姆和蓝调成为了非裔美国音乐里最显著的形式。大概在20世纪左右，拉格泰姆音乐开始流行起来，使得音乐家比如詹姆斯和斯科特乔普林名声大震。1910年，蓝调音乐的流行程度超过了拉格泰姆，尽管它曾经历了一段艰难的时间，并且在城市中产阶级黑人和白人群体中流行的更慢。然而，爵士被
2、认为不是纯黑人音乐。尽管值得注意的是，爵士音乐发展的关键点上，非裔美国人对其革新作出了巨大贡献。“另外，在更大程度上，爵士音乐超越了拉格泰姆和蓝调，使得黑人音乐家们赢得了非黑人群体的尊重。”爵士被认为是一种起源于美国的艺术形式，大约在1900年发源自新奥尔良市。它的主要特征就是极具特色的声调、切分音节奏和即兴创作。爵士的狂热喜好者们认为它是一种被热情激发的艺术形式，一种首次在心里创建起来的模式。1800shiddenmusicalpracticesweredevelopedprofessionalAfricanAmericanmusicians.improvisedsongaboutpopul
3、arracehorsecoinedragtimemusic.“Thatsoundsragged,witnesssupposedlysaid,journalistproclaimedragtimeborn.”(Southern,1997)RagtimebluesbecamegenreprominentlyAfricanAmericanmusic.Aroundthe1900s,ragtimebecamepopularbroughtmusiciansasJamesEuropeScottJoplin.1910,bluesbecamepopularragtimeinSouthalthoughharder
4、slowerbeingpopularizedurbanblackmiddleclassmajorwhitecommunity.Jazz,otherhand,consideredpurelyblackmusic.Notablethoughpointsdevelopment,AfricanAmericansweresignificantcontributorsinnovation.addition,extentgreaterragtimeblues,becameblackmusicianstickettorespectprosperitylargelynonblackpublic.”(Perett
5、i,2008)knownoriginatedAmericagenreofAmericanmusicoriginatedOrleanscirca1900”.DefinitionofJazz,1998-2012)characterizedstrongdistinctivetones,syncopatedrhythm,improvisation.consideredlistenersartform,idealinspiredpassion,patternfirstformedmindandsubsequentlywilledhandselicitnotesaninstrument.improvisa
6、tiondefiningcomponent,continuedtoevolvelevelsexpressions.hundredyears,approximatelydozenstylesformed.RagtimeinvolvedrhythmsoriginatedfrommusicalheritagebroughtAfrica.subsequentlyincorporatedtomusiccreatedperformersimprovisedinstrumentsthatnotablyunconventionalpopularlyknownBands.”firstragtimecomposi
7、tionpublishedHarney.music,vitalizedtheopposingrhythmscommonAfricandance,vibrant,enthusiastic,oftenextemporaneous.”DefinitionJazz,1998-2012)ClassicoriginatedOrleansandtooksmallmusic.firstplayedbrassbandswerehiredperformpartiesdances.popular1800stheearly1900s.retainedlivelysyncopationsintroducedragtim
8、eandinfusedadaptationspopularmelodiestime.characterized“collectiveimprovisedsolos,aroundmelodicstructure,ideallybuiltanemotionalhotclimax.”DefinitionJazz,1998-2012)thetime,createdstylemarchtempo.Typicalinstrumentsinthisensembleincludedclarinet,trombone,trumpet,banjo,tuba,thedrums.Chicagostylecharact
9、erizedharmonicarrangements.oftenrequirestechnicalabilitiesmusicians.Itgreateremphasisindividualsolosemitsfeelingofrelaxation.“ContributionsdynamicplayersBennyGoodman,BudFreeman,EddieCondonhelpedpioneermusic.”DefinitionofJazz,1998-2012)stylesimpleaccompanyingrhythmselementsofmelodyinstrumentsoftenimp
10、rovised.Swingbelonged1930sclassicdancemusicimmediateconnectionaudiencealongwithitsinvigoratingtempo.KansasStyleotheraboutduringDepressionProhibitioneras.styledsoulfulofthebluessound.“Swingofferedindividualmusicianschancetoimprovisemelodic,thematicsolos.”DefinitionJazz,1998-2012)Gypsyunlikelyincluded
11、Americanswing1930s,Frenchdance,EasternEuropestrains.Itseductivecoupleddrivingrhythms.oftenattributedtoDjangoReinhardt,gypsyguitarist.characteristicofrhythmguitarsinsteadusualdrummersincestyleoftenthanmakesstrings.rhythmguitaristutilizestechniquecalledswingguitarrhythmproducedynamicpercussiverhythmwh
12、icheffectivedrummer.Bebopcharacterizedharmonicimprovisationoftencharacterizedavoidmelodicafterthefirstchorus.developedearly1940s.Bebopmusicianstypicallyplayedtunesfastertempos.Emphasisunpredictabilityrhythmandcreatingcomplexitiesharmonyinsteadfocusinglyrics.stylehasmarkedcrossovermusicmusicscene.Voc
13、aleseconsideredofcomposinglyricsrecordingmannerinstrumentalsolos.Itpredominantfactorsnamely,tributesstorytelling.“AmongthoseknownwritingperformingvocaleselyricEddieersonJonHendricks.”DefinitionJazz,1998-2012)evolveddirectlyBopalthoughharmonicsdynamicsmixturetonesthatswing.stylepopularized1940s1950s.
14、ItoftenCoastmusicians.emphasizesthemoreintellectualaspectmusic.altogetheravoidedtemposthatquiteaggressivelyBebopstylejazz.particularmusicformedafterBebopestablishedwhichinitiallyunpopularalthoughprovidedalternativemainstreamstyle.extensionBebopstyleandcharacterizedinterruptedsoundsknownfromCoastjazz
15、.styleknownsoulfulsideascomparedpredecessor,Bebop,diversemoresophisticatedlydesignedrhythm.knownincorporatethemesthatoftenGospelRhythmBlues.MainstreamaboutaftertimeofSwingmusicstillcontinuedplayedbiggroupsbrokensmallerones.1950swhereinahandfulswingsnotableplayersplayed.asignificantimprovementchordst
16、ructuretakensignificancethemelody.stylemainlyinfluencedcool,andclassicstyles.BossablendharmoniesbasedCoast,classicalEuropeanharmony,andsambarhythmspopularizedBrazil.style,simplemelodiesareaccentuatedsubtleacousticguitarrhythmseffectofbeinghypnotic.particularstyleevolvedsambaalthoughincomparison,offerscomplexitycomesharmonylesspercussivepredecessor.clearbossatogethermanymusicalelementsoriginalway.”(ChrisMcGowan,1998)Throughhardshipsfaced,musiccamemeanshealingthroughself-expressionAfricanAmericans.
