1、unit 14课后练习Loving and Hating New York 练习题答案/answer. 1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 - 1975 ), American landscape architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape architect for th
2、e Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898-1920; Baltimore Park and Park Commission, 1902-1917; member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting capacity for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of many towns
3、and cities and numerous institutions, land subdivisions, and private properties. Among his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Anacostia Parks, the Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous articles and reports on professional subjects. 2. Bach: John Sebastian Bach (1
4、685-1750),German composer and organist, one of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought poly- phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous works in almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family, Bach was devot
5、ed to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann Christophe. His education was acquired largely through independent studies. Since few of Bachs many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates cannot be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with s
6、ome certainty in the periods of his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ compositions that culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromati
7、c Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated The Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also wrote several unaccompanied violin Sonatas and cello suites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognized as the best concerti grossi ever composed. As musical director of St Thomas at Leipzig, he c
8、omposed many of his superb religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the St. Matthew Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this period were Book of The Well-Tempered Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavierubung, which includes: six partitas (1726-1731); the Italian
9、Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735); and the Goldberg Variations. The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonishing number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the ar
10、t of polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized
11、, particularly by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily. .1. No, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on Puget Sound. See paragraph 4. 2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in th
12、e United States. 3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the trends. It is no longer a pacesetter. 4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to New Orleans, San Franc
13、isco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many better cities to live in than New York. 5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien mixtures. Perhaps some of them are reassured by the inter
14、national names of jewelers, shoe stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the citys charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism. 6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could practice the kind of journalism he wanted in that city. 7. The young p
15、eople go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in to the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting atmosphere of smaller cities. 8. New York is still the banking and communication
16、s headquarters for America. The networks news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines, the ad agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the music, the books that others have created. 9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these g
17、roups lie close to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives the city its sense of freedom. 10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New York because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitality of urban life. What he finds attract
18、ive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness; the rigor of its judgments; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds. 11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolis because here one finds a much wid
19、er mixture of nationalities- Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of Europeans. .1.This article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated by the title Loving and Hating New York, or more specifically, by the first sentence of the last paragraph: “Loving and hating Ne
20、w York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day. 2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See the answer to 4.) 3. This article is full of American English terms,
21、phrases and constructions. Such as T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-account, etc. 4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails to see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York and feels exhilara
22、ted living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this feeling is never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New York with the words such as energy, contention, striving, etc. 5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, setting forth the present status o
23、f New York city in the United States and in the eyes of foreigners. The last sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the actual descriptions of New York city itself: the charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism of the last line of paragraph 5 leads to the energy, contention, and
24、 striving in the first line of paragraph 6. 6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence. Nature s pleasures are much qualified in New York. The writer uses many examples to develop this paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence. 7. In New York, a shrewd underst
25、anding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable. 8. Free. Students choice. .1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people. 2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the pre
26、vailing trends (styles, fashion) of America. 3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California. 4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists. 5. A person who wins in New
27、York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition). 6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited. 7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.
28、8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated. 9. In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country. 10. Th
29、e television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising. 11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines. 12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on i
30、n the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active. 13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city. 14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums
31、or ghettoes where other people cant see them. 15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates. . See the translation of the text. .1. holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out; hold out= continue resistance; stand firm; not yield 2. live: tr
32、ansmitted during the actual performance 3. charged : tense ; intense 4. put-down: (American slang) a belittling remark or crushing retort 5. foothold: a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged 6. measure up: (Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified 7. jingle: a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement of words or syllables 8. expense-account: (Americanism) an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer 9. illustra
