1、高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus, raising renewed hope of a vaccine for humans, say scientists. The US team say the results, published in Nature, are striking and should enc
2、ourage research efforts. Tests in humans could begin in months. But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk such as pregnant women would still be years away, experts advise. Zika has been spreading across Central and South America and, most recently
3、, Africa. More than 60 countries and territories now have continuing transmission(传播) of the disease, which is carried by mosquitoes. The virus causes serious birth damages during pregnancy and has been declared a global public health emergency. Now, developing a vaccine for pregnant women to protec
4、t their unborn babies is an international research priority(优先事项). US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice one based on bits of genetic(基因的) code from the virus and ano
5、ther that is an inactive (and therefore harmless) copy of Zika. Both worked well, protecting every mouse that was immunised against the virus. In comparison, all of the mice not given the vaccine caught Zika after they were exposed to it. Researchers say they will push ahead with developing the need
6、ed virus vaccine. There are many existing vaccines for other disease that use this type of technology, while there are relatively few DNAbased vaccines. Of course, future tests will need to check the vaccine is safe and effective in humans, as well as how long the immunity might last.（1）If the tests
7、 in humans go smoothly, . A.a vaccine for use in the laboratory will be still be years away.B.pregnant women in Africa will be the first to benefit from the vaccine.C.a licensed vaccine will still not be accessible in a short term.D.The Zika virus will cause less serious birth defects during pregnan
8、cy in months.（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.many countries are actively involved in the research of the Zika vaccine.B.US scientists have tested more than two types of Zika vaccine in mice.C.None of the mice given the vaccine caught Zika.D.It is still unknown whether the vaccine
9、 is safe and effective.（3）Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Zika vaccine works very well in miceB.Zika vaccine still has a long way to goC.International researches into Zika have paid offD.More attention has been paid to Zika vaccine【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护
10、小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk such as pregnant women would still be years away可知，但是，即使这些进展顺利，一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间，也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话，短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的US scientists from the Walter Reed Ar
11、my Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice可知，美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒，故选B。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus,可知，一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨
12、卡病毒侵袭，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. You were often cold, wet, slip on the ice, and youd arrive
13、home to an ice-cold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. Its a miracle you didnt get cold to the bone. Fortunately, things dont have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems. It means dealing wit
14、h winter neednt be like skating on thin ice. With a smart thermostat (温度自动调节器), our homes can be warm when we need them to be. Many models feature smartphone apps that allow you to control temperature remotely, so we can warm up the house before we arrive home. According to , Tados model features vo
15、ice control, while the Nest leans your habits and automatically heats the home for you. Clothes have been given an upgrade, too. Electronic thermal jackets, sweaters and coats heat up when you turn them on. What better way to keep warm in the dead of winter? At the touch of a button, or through an a
16、pp on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. Many models offer three levels of heating which stay warm for over 12 hours. . Finally, there is the clothing for the head, beanie s and Earmuff, that feature speakers included in the fabric using Bluetooth technology so we c
17、an listen to our favourite music or, in some cases, have a phone callusing the in-built microphone. All while keeping the head warm and avoiding a cold. For many, the thought of winter used to be enough to make their blood run cold. But using technology, life neednt freeze up. With the right solutio
18、ns, theres no reason why winter cant be really, really cool.（1）What do the underlined words bundle up mean in Para.1? A.Fix an air conditioner.B.Take a hot bath.C.Run a lot.D.Put on more clothes.（2）How does electronic thermal clothing work? A.The equipment placed inside the clothing produces heat.B.
19、It needs to be warned up before being used.C.The thermostat heat up automatically when the temperature is low.D.It keeps warm for over 12 hours after being charged fox an hour.（3）From the passage, we can lean the following statements EXCEPT that _. A.Tados model can be controlled by saying something
20、 to itB.with the in-built speaker and microphone, Beanies and Earmuffs users can have a phone callC.technology can do nothing to make winter less roughD.Bluetooth technology is used in the clothing for the head（4）Whats the best title of this passage? A.A Smart ThermostatB.A Modern winterC.Ways of ke
21、eping warmD.An unpleasant winter【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had
22、to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. 可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。所以通过 keep warm可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词bundle up是多穿点衣服。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. 可知，只要按下按
23、钮，或者通过手机上 应用程序，安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Fortunately, things dont have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。所以C选项科技无法让冬天变得
24、不那么难熬不符合短文说明的内容。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。所以短文的最佳标题为让现代科技温暖你的冬日。故B选项让现代科技温暖你的冬日符合题意。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，
25、进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University
26、of Plymouths School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experien
27、ces with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for
28、 junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondents view was greenery. Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depres
29、sion and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or dont have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a per
30、sons well-being, lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement. But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research. A 2018 study from Denmarks Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green
31、 space throughout childhood decreased a persons risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The results of the new study.B.The purpose of the new study.C.The significance of the new study.D.The content of the new study.（2）What does the underlined word combatting in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）According to the passage, the new study _. A.mainly referred to exercise in natureB.has enriched the previous research to some degree
