1、托福写作方法 托福综合写作阅读部分的小建议综合写作，顾名思义，考验学生对于信息的收集和整合。首先你要去弄清楚reading和listening共同的话题是什么，因为我们知道98%的概率reading和listening讲的是同一个话题，但是持有不同的意见，所以我们首先要知道它的话题是什么。其次就是通过3分钟阅读，我们要清楚作者立场以及他的论点是什么。所以就是对于阅读而言，3分钟完了以后你要清楚这两个问题。此外，我建议大家充分利用好3分钟的阅读时间，不要去求快。因为哪怕是他每一个body paragraph和那一段的reason，或者说它的main idea都很清楚，我也会建议大家去把detai
2、ls抓一点，因为reading对稍后listening的细节以及信息的梳理会给出背景知识，所以大家3分钟时间内一定要充分去阅读。阅读部分，有限的三分钟内，学生应该如何去把握呢？大家至少应该花两分钟时间去阅读，可以不记录，视你自己的情况而定。如果你的阅读速度比较快，并且你的note taking成体系的情况下，可以花两分钟时间去阅读，一分钟时间简单的记一下作者的立场以及作者的分论点。但是如果你的阅读速度较慢，记笔记也不熟练。我就建议大家不用记了。因为写作文的时候文章还在那里，所以你笔记上的记录并不会在具体写文章时起到多大作用。与其慌忙记录，不如认真地把材料梳理了一遍，这样你的short time
3、 memory会帮助你很好的记住了他的main ideal，以及相关的reasons。综合写作听力部分小建议首先我们要知道，听力所提供的信息绝对是建立是reading上的。所以第一点reading一定是真的要读懂，因为它能够为听力提供很好的background information。第二点就是Listening方面，理清它的逻辑以及抓住的细节，这个是很重要的。关于立场，其实听力在开头就会提到，并且在后面讲细节的时候也能推断出来。从事托福教学六年来，只有一个同学考试不是反对，是支持。虽然说细节是listening考的目的，但是我会建议大家花多一点时间去理解，不要太急着去记笔记。听起来可能很新鲜
4、，不记笔记怎么能有东西写呢？我会建议大家再听一听材料，听完后花不到两分钟时间，把刚刚可能已经听到的东西以及大脑已经处理过的信息，整理到笔记上。如果边听边写的话，你回过头来看你的笔记，东西是不够的。作者说A很有道理，是因为有B这个细节，但是B又是因为C的存在。但是我们最终觉得c是最重要的，所以把C记下来了而忽略了A、B。所以在稍后两分钟的梳理的过程中，我们就可以把A、B添加进去。因为我们大脑其实已经梳理清楚了，但所有的都建立在listening充分理解的情况下。独立写作正式动笔时的注意事项因为写的时候，文章是在旁边的。所以我们在写Body paragraph的时候，我们可以对照着文章的观点写（一
5、般都在每段第一句）。但是要记住，绝对不能一整句话直接搬过来。这里给大家一点小技巧，如果文中是主动，你就用被动。如果他是普通的主谓宾，你就用if。反正大家照着原句子相反的语法来出发，key words我们是可以保留的，所以只用相应的变化一下就好了。关于独立写作的小建议其实对于综合写作，大家最常遇见的问题就是在很短的时间内想两三个理由去支持你的话题。分两点说，第一点，大家一定要找好说的side，而不是你想说的。有时候你决定这个话题你是同意的，但是你只能想到一个原因。相反，不同意的话你反而能想到两三个。所以你要很有信心，这面不行，我赶紧换另一面说。我会建议大家写两个点就够了，因为时间非常有限。时间分
6、配其实也很重要。5分钟之内，你花三分钟时间brainstorming，剩下两分钟花在写开头，这部分你就必须得信手拈来了。对于开头段，我会建议大家在平常练习的时候创一个自己的套路，能在看到题目确认写哪一方面的时候手就能开始打字，写自己熟悉的模板。万万不可以在开头段就花时间想我该怎么写啊之类的问题。托福独立写作题目相对而言比较多，经典文库中共计185个，但是每年ETS也会研发出新题，即使是在老题的基础做些许的改动，母题的数量也使得“将所有题目写一遍”这一任务变成mission impossible，而且即使做到了，也是一件投资回报率极低的行为，就算考试的时候出现了原题，估计也不可能回忆所有之前写的
7、细节内容。所以针对独立写作部分的备考我们要更多的总结规律，通过总结来节省备考时间。TOEFL独立写作常见FAQ整理如下：三选一题型如何处理很多同学不知道三选一的文章结构应该如何处理。这里其实三选一并不复杂，只需要熟记两个注意点就可以轻松应付：一是三者都要提及；二是并没有唯一的正确结构，结构应该根据题目灵活的选择。我们来看一道例题。Essay TopicWhich one isthe most important for teacher of high school?1. The ability to help students plan for their future;2. The abil
8、ity to find the students who need help most and help them;3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.就这道题来讲，题型基本结构的选择有两种：三项能力都重要，但是第一项最重要；或者，第一项是重要的，而第二项和第三项是不重要的。其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。我们拿第二种结构举例：总论点：规划未来能力最重要（vs. 发现需要帮助的同学 &教会自学）主体段1：学生最需要规划，而只有老师有能力提供主体段2：发现需要帮助的能力不重要，因为学生自己会来找主体段3：课外自学不重要，高中生
9、没有课外时间The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from m
10、y personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love
11、 affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding the choice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications, not because they lack of the i
12、ntention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for what they did was simply giving us
13、 the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if
14、we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students future.The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other hand, is not that imperative. The
15、 reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students dont want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firmly hold the faith that all teach
16、ers are already equipped with the willingness to solve students problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.Similarly, the skill to teach students how to
17、learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time, pa
18、rents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.本篇文章在结构的处理上，做到了清晰、简单。第一个主体段在证明第一项能力是非常必要的。第二、三主体段在分别证明第二、三项能力是不重要的。整个段落结构很明确。这样会更容易获得高分。大家要注意避免结构过于复杂和混乱。如何丰富整篇文章的结构？先说答案：另外一个大家经常会有疑惑的问题就是：我的三个主体段全部都是讲故事，好像手法太单一了，会不会被扣分？如何丰富？答案是：有可能；以及，偶尔的使用纯解释型段落。众所周知，TOEFL写作中展开手法有两种，exempl
19、ification和explanation。例证显然是二者中更简单的一个。因此，大部分同学都更倾向于使用例证。因为它更容易快速上手，并且大家可以通过举例来展开具体化的细节，从而获得高分。但注意，如果三个主体段全部是讲故事展开，未免会有语言太差的嫌疑。因此，除了例证，我们文章中最好可以稍微涉及到一些说理部分。举例和说理分别的优势？大家现在可以重新观察一下范文三个主体段的展开手法。三个主体段一共444字。其中第一段259字，第二段116字，第三段69字。第一段的展开手法为例证（讲故事），第二、三段均为解释。大家明显感受到例证的优势即为能够更轻松的展开出有效并具体化的细节，或俗称“好凑字”。解释的好
20、处为语言简练，表达效率高，文章的递进性、节奏会更紧凑。举例和说理分别的劣势？例证在TOEFL写作中并无太明显的劣势。解释的劣势就比较明显了。同样的一个分论点，有的同学用例证可以很轻松写到200字，而解释只能说到100字。有的同学可能有个刻板印象：讲故事的语言通常比较简单，句式单一，因此不容易得高分。注意，讲故事语言和句式也是可以复杂的；或者大家可以选择简单但地道的表达，可同样可以获得满分。答题战略、以及举例和说理的优劣小结因此我们以后考场上的答题战略很简单。第一段为例证段落。目的为使劲凑字，尽量直接写满200字。第二、三段可以选择简短的小故事或者解释性段落，分别写到60100字左右。这样主体段
21、已经达到至少320字，再加上开头结尾段，可以轻松满足350字的字数要求。如何练好说理？说理对语言和句式的要求要明显高于例证。因此一定要有扎实的基本功的支持才能够写出漂亮的说理段落。关于句式的练法，可以参考强化班上的句型基本构成以及句型转化练习。如何练好例证？例证的套路大家都很熟悉。很多同学的问题出在没思路上。比如，一道题目问说：我们的闲钱应该拿去旅游好，还是存到银行好？有同学说，存起来更好，因为可以未雨绸缪。这是一个很好的分论点，那么如何以例证的方式来展开呢？有同学说可以使用反证法：我有一个朋友Foosen，他就不存钱，后来他就死的很惨。用此例来强调存钱的必要性。大部分同学都能够想到这一步，问
22、题会处在如何用故事来展开死的很惨，以及什么事情导致Foosen死的很惨。我们来看一篇来自万炜老师的范文：To begin with, as a young man living in a big city, I need to start saving up from now on, because there are a lot of things in the future costing tons of money. Take my good friend Foosen for example. He is an optimistic guy who prefers to seize t
23、he day. He can spend all his salary within just two days either on luxuries or on trips. Before he was even 22, he already went around the whole Africa. Unfortunately, not everything goes according to plan. Last year during his trip to South Africa, he accidentally broke his leg and had to go throug
24、h surgery. However, since he could not cover the expense, he had to call everybody to borrow money. It took so long for him to collect the money that the surgery was delayed. As a result, the recovery period for him was 2 months longer than everyone elses. Now, this example might be a particular ins
25、tance, and it is out of his expectation. Nonetheless, in todayssociety, even the potential spending within our expectation is already quite worrying. For instance, in Beijing, if I wish to purchase a 30-squaremeter apartment, it would cost me over 3 million yuan; if I want to invite, say, 20 friends
26、 to my wedding, I would have to pay over 200,000 yuan; not to mention if I have a child and want to support his education, it would cost at least 50,000 yuan per year just for him to go to kindergarten. It aches mejust to look at these horrifying numbers. If I dont save up for my future, there would
27、 be no future. (275 words)故事描述了主人公Foosen，由于是乐天派并且坚持活在当下，进而展开月光、全世界各地旅游；到之后有一次意外摔断腿，需要做手术，但没有存钱，从而导致恢复期比普通人长了两个月。大部分的同学就是这些故事的“细节”想不到，或者没思路。如何解决？很简单，就是多看。因为讲故事并没有一个明显的模式或公式可以使用。According to a Personalized Education: Schooling for Tomorrow published by OECD in 2006, “Brains have the ability to generate rulesfrom examples. All that is needed, therefore, are the right examples lotsand lots of them.”其实就是我们中学老师总的说的那句话，“量的积累产生质的飞跃。”大家想练好例证，只需要找到优秀的讲故事型范文，仿写10篇左右，自然会掌握规律。
