1、初中英语教辅讲义初中专项：形容词的比较级和最高级一、常见的形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1、规则变化：单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er” Eg: early-earlier happy-happier busy-busier以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-h
2、otter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular-more popular important-more important2、特殊变化： 原级比较级最高级goo/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly（坏地）worseworstlittlelessleastoldOlder（年龄）/ elder(辈份)oldest/ eldestfarfarther距离/ further（深奥的）farthest/ furthest二、形容词原级比较级最高级的用法1、原级讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb
3、./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +.如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴
4、奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)练习：他和我一样高。 He is as _ (tall) as I/me.英语和语文重要。English is as _ (important) as Chinese.他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is _ _ _ mine.他学习和你一样努力。He works _ hard _ you. 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语
5、(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+.如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)练习：这辆车不像那辆车一样贵。This car _ _ _（expen
6、sive） that one. =This car is _ _ / than that one. =That car is _ _ than this one.今天没有昨天暖和。Today _ _ _(warm) _ yesterday. =Yesterday _ _ than today.2、比较级讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+.如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快
7、多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 练习：Tom比我胖。 Tom is _ (fat) than me.他的头发比我的短。His hair is _(short) than _. He has _ (short) hair than _. (注意比较对象的一致性)英语比语文重要。English is _ (important) than Chinese.我来的比你晚。I come _ (late) than you.（副词的比较级）He is much _( well) today. Its much
8、 _ (expensive).He is very _ (well) today. Its too _ (expensive)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +.如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加
9、much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived
10、in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)在两者之间选择哪一个更，用比较级.Which /Who,A or B?谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是Lily？ Who runs _, Lucy or Lily?如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair
11、短语： 如：约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。This watch is of the two.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。练习：我比他大两岁。 I am two years _ _ he. 这个建筑比那个建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters _ that one.“比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越” 练习：天
12、气越来越冷了。Its getting _ and _(cold)比赛越来越有趣。The game is (interesting)注意:多音节形容词用此句型时，要用more and more +形容词原级；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful“The+ 比较级，the+ 比较级”表示“越，就越练习：越多越好 The _, the _.他越忙就越高兴。_ _he is, _ _he feels.“用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级as”表示甲是乙的几倍。 “用twice 等表示倍数的词+比较级than ”表示甲是乙大几倍。这间房是那间房面积的两倍。
13、This room is _ as big as that one. =This room is _bigger than that one注意：在英语中，两倍用twice，而不用two times，三倍以上用three，fourtimes。同义引申高high /tall/long etc.注意：以上句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆
14、汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)3、最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个或最突出的一个时,用最高级。形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前常省略the, 后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys)
15、.(三个男生中他跳得最高)练习：在我们班上他最高。 He is _ ( tall) _ our class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is _ (young) _ the three students.形容词最高级的前面常有the，my等形容词性物主代词，Chinas名词所有格，最高级前不加the练习：This is _ _ day. 这是我最忙的一天。Jack is _ _ friend. 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友The Changjiang River is _ _ river.长江是中国最长的河流。在whichA ,B orC_? 句中，表示三者或三者以上比较Which is th
16、e biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳，月亮，地球，哪一个最大？形容词最高级表示“最.之一”时，可用“one of the+最高级+复数名词”Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world.爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一。“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最”；The Yellow River is the second longest river in China比较级和最高级的同义句转换He is the tallest boy in his class.He is tal
17、ler than any other boy in his class.He is taller than any of the other boys in his class.He is taller than any of the others in his class.He is taller than all the other boys in his class.He is taller than the other boys in his class.He is taller than anyone else in his class.上下文中含有both/either/neith
18、er/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)三、几点注意1、要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 ( ) China is larger that any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other cou
19、ntry in Asia.( ) China is larger that any country in Europe. 2、要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 上海的人口比北京的人口多（ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.（ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 我们的教师比他们的明亮的多。（ ）Our classroom is brighter than _A. them B their C theirs【Exercise1】一出下列单词的
20、比较级1.tall_2.quiet_ 3.funny_4.heavy_5.thin_6.big_7.outgoing_8.wild_9.little_10.good_11.bad_12.many_二、单选题1.Tina is _ than Linda.A.shortB.more shorterC.shorterD.shortter2.This question is _ than that one.A.easyerB.more easy C.easy D.easier3.Im _ younger than her.A.a fewB.a littleC.littleD.few4.My frien
21、d is the same _ me.A.toB.asC.with D.in5.The girl is as _ as her mother.A.beautifulB.more beautifulC.beautifuleD.more beautifuler6.Lily is _ of the two.A.tallerB.tallestC.the tallerD.tall7.The box is _ heavier than that one.A.muchB.very C.more D.so三、同义句1.He is 14 years old. His friend is 12 years old
22、.His friend is _ _ he.2.Our bikes are not the same as theirs.Our bikes are _ _ theirs.3.He is healthier than his friend.He _ _ _ of the two.4.The girl is smarter than her classmates.The girl is smarter than_ _ _ in her class.5.He is less popular than her.He is not _ popular _ her. She is _ _ than hi
23、m.【Exercise2】一、单选题1 He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired2. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the more expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them3. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not long C.
24、 much longer D. many more longer4. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest5. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older6. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. mo
25、re and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler7._ hurry, _speed. 越急越慢（欲速则不达） A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little8. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 二、填空1 This bag is a l
26、ittle _(heavy) than that one.2 Mr. Smith is a _(good) teacher. He always helps us to learn math.3 Dave is _ (quiet) than most of the kids in his class.4 Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).5 Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).6 My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.7 Tom is _ (outg
27、oing) than any other boy in his class.8 The short one is _ (expensive) than the long one.9 The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 10The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 11Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 12She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 13This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive)三、翻译句子：1 这本书和那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.3 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I.
