1、牛津高中英语模块五语言点牛津高中英语模块五语言点 2012/8/10Unit 1 Getting along with others一、Reading1. betray: vt. 背叛，出卖，泄露 betray sth to sb: 向某人出卖泄露 betray oneself: 露出原形 betrayal: bitrel n. 背叛 He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy. She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight. 她说她很难过
2、，但她的眼神里却露出她内心的喜悦。 an act of betrayal: 背叛的行为2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have soundedquiz, saying how easy it was. must have done: 一定做过 “saying how easy it was”为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。3. fail sth: 未能通过fail to do sth: 未能做 I failed my driving test the first time I took it. He never fails to write to his mothe
3、r every week. 4. pretend sth: 假装，扮作 pretend to do sth: 假装做 pretend that: 假装 He pretended illness as an excuse. Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in. She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt. (1) 承认 admit (doing) sth: 承认做 ad
4、mit that: 承认 admit sb to be + n / adj: 承认某人是 He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car. We all admit him to be a fool. (2) 允许进入，接受,录取 admit sb to / into sth: 允许进入 Each ticket admits two people to the party. Tom has been admitted into Peking University.6. beg (sb) t
5、o do sth: 恳请（某人）做 beg (sb) for sth: 恳请（某人） beg (for) sth: 乞讨 I beg you not take any risks. He begged her for forgiveness. John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.7. keep ones secret: 保守秘密keep ones word / promise: 遵守诺言break ones word / promise: 违背诺言8. (Page 2, Line 18) paper that sa
6、id say: vt. 写到，表明；显示 read: vt. 写着；指示，显示 The clock said it was 7: 30. I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi. (1) 发誓，宣誓 swear to do sth: 发誓做 swear that: 发誓 Mona swore never to return to home. Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇). (2) 咒骂，诅咒 swear a
7、t sb: 咒骂Rich(里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.10. spy on sth: 监视窥探 These days I have been spying on the enemys movements.11. focus: vt. & vi. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n. 焦点，重点 focus sth on sth: 集中于 focus on sth: 集中注意 The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area. I was so tired to fo
8、cus on anything. The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.12. manner: n. 方式；举止，态度C manners: n. (1) 礼貌，礼仪 (2) 风俗，习惯 in this manner: 用这种方式 table manners: 餐桌礼仪 Its good / bad manners to do sth: 做有无礼貌 He objected in a forceful manner. 他坚决反对。 Its bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴
9、都是食物说话不礼貌。13. guilty: adj. 内疚的，有罪的 be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因为而内疚be guilty of sth: 犯罪 I feel guilty about not visiting him often. He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。 The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。14. remark: n. & v. 谈论，评论，谈到 make a remark about sb: 议论 make no remark: 不加评论 remark on sth:
10、 谈论 remark that: 谈到，说起 She could hear others were making rude remarks about her. I couldnt help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。 The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。 Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。15. argue with sb about / over sth: 因为与某人争吵 argue that: 认为 argue
11、sb into / out of doing sth: 说服某人（不）做argument: n. 争论；争吵；争议；论点；论据 We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses. He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals. They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。因为向某人道歉16. apologize to sb for sth: m
12、ake an apology to sb for sth: We apologize for the late departure of this flight.17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 对体贴 (2) 对敏感 She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married. A writer mustnt be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反映过激。18. blame: vt. 责备，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责U blame sb for (doing) s
13、th: 因为责备某人 blame sth on sb: 把归咎于 sb be to blame for sth: 某人因为应受责备 take the blame: 承担责任 A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。 Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors. You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper. It is I who am to blame for the mistake. You
14、cant expect Jerry to take all the blame.二、Project1. the attitude towards sth: 对于的态度 What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于； (2) 抛锚，停船； (3) 固定 n. 锚，支柱 drop / cast anchor: 抛锚 be anchored in sth: 扎根于 They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊。 We
15、 anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。 Literature must be anchored on our life. Home is his anchor when he is away on business.3. be cautious about sth: 对小心谨慎 cautiousness: n. 小心谨慎U These people are cautious about spending money. 这些人用钱仔细。4. be eager to do sth: 急于做 be eager for sth: 急于渴望 Clara(克莱拉)
16、 was eager to tell her side of the story. 克莱拉急于讲述她对那件事的看法。 She was eager for success.5. respond: vi. 作出反应；回答 respond to sth / respond that: 对.作出反应；回答 She responded to my letter with a phone call. The doctor responded that he couldnt tell the name of the disease.6. response: n. 反应；回应；答复 in response t
17、o sth: 以回应 make response to sth: 回应 make no response: 不作回答 The laws were passed in response to public pressure. He made no response to my question.7. regardless: adv. (1) 不管怎样；无论如何（用在句末） (2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顾 You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless. All our proposals w
18、ere rejected regardless of their merits(价值，优点).8. end up: 结果为；以.结束 end up + 介词短语adjdoing If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。 If he carries on driving like that, hell end up dead. 他照那样开车，早晚得丢命。 Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up worki
19、ng in the company.9. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于 This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment. 这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。 She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence. 她非常忠于职守，一个卓越的女警。因为与某人吵架10. quarrel with sb about sth: have a quarrel with sb abou
20、t sth:We arent going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars. 11. in conclusion / to conclude: 总之In conclusion, Id like to thank you for all youve done for me. 最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。 12. mercy: n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽容 at the mercy of sb: 任由摆布怜悯某人 show mercy to sb: have mercy on sb: leave sb to the mercy / mer
21、cies of sb: 任凭某人受摆布 They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(难民). He wont leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.13. get through: vt. 完成；通过；批准通过 get through to sb / sth: 到达；接通的电话 get through a task / an exam. Millions of refugees will die if
22、 these supplies dont get through to them. With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交C (2) 认识，了解U, C结识 make ones acquaintance: make the acquaintance of sb: of ones acquaintance: 所认识理解的 on first acquaintance: 初次相见时 I am delighted to make your acquaintance
23、. a certain lawyer of my acquaintance. Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasnt the right type. 初次见面就看出他不是对路子的人。Unit 2 The environment一、Reading1. debate: vt. & n. 辩论，争论，讨论 debate sth with sb: 与争论讨论 open a debate: 展开讨论 under debate: 在讨论辩论中debater: 辩论者 We opened a heated debate about the bill
24、(议案) with them. The whole question of compensation(赔偿) is still under debate.2. floor: 发言权 open the floor: 自由发言 take the floor: 开始发言 have the floor: 有发言权 The president then took the floor and answered the journalists questions. The senator(参议员) have no floor in the debate.3. Atimes + what 从句: 几倍于 Th
25、e company can produce 10 times what it did last year.4. cut back on sth: 减少，削减 We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.5. have a duty to do sth: 有义务责任做 be on duty / off duty: 值班下班 Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。6. be greedy for sth: 贪图 As we know, the
26、 corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.7. credit: n. (1) 赞扬，认可 (2) 信用 (3) 学分C (4) 存款U；借款C creditable: kreditbl adj. 值得赞扬的，可信的 a creditable attempt give sb credit to sb: 赞扬认可 be in credit: 有存款 You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in. There are no bank charge
27、s if you stay in debt. The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.8. a large quantity of + nU, C: 许多的 （作主语，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化） Large quantities of + nU, C: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式） A large quantity of money has been spent on the research. A large quantity of books were donated to th
28、ese children. Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.9. ask around: 四处打听 I will ask around and see if anyone can help.10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵输送； (2) 给打气； (3) 倾注，灌注（into）vi. 涌出；涌流 n. 泵，抽水机，打气筒 pump sth + 介词 + n The heart pumps blood around the body. Pump air into a tyre. He pumped plenty of funds i
29、nto the new project. 他向新工程倾注了大量的资金。 Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像喷泉似的从他腹部涌出。11. sth run out: 用光 run out of sth: 用光use sth up: 用光 Lets hurry, our time is running out. We have ran out of what we had at hand.12. responsibility: n. (1) 责任U (2) 义务C take responsibility for sth: 对负
30、责 have a responsibility to do sth: 有义务做 He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity. Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.二、Grammar1. 动词 + it + when / if 从句： enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。It指代if从句或when从句所叙述的内容。例如： She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。 He hates it when people
