1、届高考英语考前冲刺精选完形填空解题密招精2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选完形填空解题密招 三个原则1. 上下求索 寻信息因为答案信息点有的在空格前 , 有的在空格后 , 有的在前文和后文都有出现 , 需要综合考虑 或起相互印证的作用。有时 , 还要根据上、下文提供的信息 , 结合常识 , 进行适当的逻辑推 理 , 才可得出正确答案。例 1 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first
2、, and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东 27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier解析:27题的答案信息点在空格后的 and students who. 中 , 关键词是 students, 故选 B 。 28题的答案信息点在空格前 , 关键词是 first, 故选 B 。例 2 One afternoon, I was out exploring. and saw a n
3、ew kind of cactus (仙人掌 . I crouched (蹲 down for a closer look. “Youd better not 47 that.” I turned around to see an old woman. “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”(湖南 A. break B. pick C. pull D. touch解析 : 此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单
4、词 , 很难确定填 touch, 选 D 。2. 左顾右盼 找搭配答题时 , 眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上 , 一定要 “ 左顾右盼 ”, 弄 清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意 , 常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系 , 这时需要 根据上下文的意思来定夺。例 3 On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.(2009广东 A. found B. misunderstood C. mis
5、took D. judged解析:四个选项中 , 能与后面 for 搭配的 , 只有 mistook, 即 mistake A for B (将 A 误以为 B, 故 选 C 。例 4 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who.(2009广东 A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote解析:根据动宾搭配 , 在四个选项中 , 能与名词 the N
6、obel prizes(诺贝尔奖 搭配的 , 只有 establish (设立 , 即 “ 设立诺贝尔奖 ” 。用他的大部分钱去 “ 构成 /开发 /促进 ” 诺贝尔奖 , 是讲不 通的。3. 思前想后 通全文有时 , 若单独看空格处或空格所在句 , 其中两个、 三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错 , 句子也 通顺 , 但结合全文内容来理解 , 就只有一个是最佳答案了。 因此 , 选择答案时 , 一定要考虑到 此选项不但在本句中合符语境 , 而且要在全文中也讲得通 , 即贯通全文。例 5 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of
7、his money to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions解析:若单独看空格处 , 选项 B 、 C 、 D 都可以填 , make great sacrifices“ 作出巨大牺牲 ”, makegreat changes“ 发生巨大变化 ”, make g
8、reat contributions“ 作出巨大贡献 ”; 从文章内容或常识来 看 , 诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、 文学和科学事业 “ 作出过巨大贡献 ” 的人 , 故只能 选 D 。例 6 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药 .t he article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kil
9、l more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular解析:若单独看空前的 became, 填四个选项都没有语法错误 , 但是由前文中的 became a millionaire 和后文 give the largest part of his money可知 , rich为最佳答案 , 故选 C 。四个步骤1. 通读全文 , 理解
10、大意重视首句信息 , 跳过空格 , 浏览全文 , 从整体上感知全文 , 理解短文大意 , 这是解题的基础。 这一步非常重要 , 万万不可忽视。2. 瞻前顾后 , 避难就易在理解短文大意的情况下 , 结合各选项的意义和用法 , 特别是与前后词语的搭配 , 上下文的 意义关系等 , 先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题 , 暂时跳过 , 或许在上文中难以判 断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了 , 或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一 空后会令你豁然开朗。3. 复读全文 , 解决残敌借助已经补全的空格 , 我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解 , 可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。 4. 再次复读 ,
11、弥补疏漏全部做好后 , 考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容 , 确保全文文意连贯。 五个技巧根据广东高考完形填空题的特点 , 只要了解上述三个原则 , 遵循四个步骤 , 灵活运用以下五 个技巧 , 任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。望同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。 1. 词语同现某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的倾向性 , 叫词语同现 , 也有人称之为 “ 词场 ” 。同 现词之间有反义或相对关系 , 或者同类互补关系等 , 如different 与 same; cruel与 friendly; death (死亡 与 destruction(毁灭 ; ill与 pale, p
12、atient, nurse, doctor, operation等。一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题 , 与此相关的词就可能会共同出现 , 以实现语篇衔 接。如 2011年广东高考完形填空的短文 , 是围绕把优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问 题这一主题展开的 , 涉及这一主题的可能有 “ 普通班 ” “ 特殊班 ” “ 优生 ” “ 普通生 ” , 以及 “ 学 校 ” “ 老师 ” “ 学习 ” 等等 , 因此 , special, gifted, intelligent, top, regular, average, school, classes, teachers, childre
13、n, learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。了解词语同现 , 对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同现的技巧 , 解答以下高考真 题 , 并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。1. (2011广东 The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的 growth by 2 situation that has designed for the average children.A. designi
14、ng B. grouping C. learning D. living1.C 与 classes, children, intellectual同现的单词 , 很可能是 learning 。2. (2010广东 You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and topull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building.A. enter B. leave C. open D. close2.A 因有 push(推 就有 pull(拉 ,
15、有 go out of(出去 就会有 enter(进入 , 这就是词语同现。3.(2010广东 When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions.This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea.A. main B. same C. front D. back3. B美国的门与韩国的门进行对比 , 因 same 与 different
16、是词语同现。4. (2010广东 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, students who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 .A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier4. B 因与 first 同现的应是 later 。5. (2009广东 To make sure that
17、 he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, .Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.A. book B. article C. will D. contract5.C 与 die(死 , arrange(安排后事 具有相关性的词同现的应当是 will(遗嘱 。6. (2008
18、广东 These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale.A. sick B. slim C. short D. small6. A与 pale 同现的单词 , 应是 sick 。7. (2007广东 All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to access your PC. No more 24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.A. simple B. complicated C
19、. special D. useful7. B 与 confusing(易混的 同现的单词 , 应当是 complicated(复杂的 , 共同修饰 passwords 。 2. 词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现 。语篇中的句子通过 复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。词语复现又可分为原词复现、 同源词复现 (又叫同根词复现 、 同义或近义词复现 (包括与近义 词的同根词复现 , 如 ill 与 sickness 、上下义词复现 (即总括与分述 , 如 animal 是 sheep, tiger, wolf 等的上义词 ; rose 是 flower 的下义词 等。
20、了解词语复现这种衔接手段 , 有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。请运用词语复现的技巧 , 解答以下高考真题 , 并指出正确选项与哪个词是何种类别的复现。1. (2011广东 It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. Ho
21、wever, .A. regular B. special C. small D. creative1. B 与前段第一句中 special classes的 special 是原词复现。2. (2008广东 There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended 27 .A. ca
22、ses B. tools C. steps D. methods2.D 因 methods 与前文中的 ways 同义词复现。3. (2011广东 Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However, this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students.A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest3. A因 concern (n.
23、担心 与上文的 concerned (adj.担心的 是同源词复现或同根词复现。4. (2011广东 However, this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers4. B因 adults 是上文 par
24、ents and teachers的上义词 , 即这是上下义词复现 , 故选 B 。3. 逻辑推理根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案 , 逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转 折关系、 让步关系、 递进关系、 条件与结果的关系等。 从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看 , 最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。请运用逻辑推断 , 解答以下试题 , 并指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出来的。 1.(2011广东 In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they (intelligent children began to
25、 reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly1. C因为 having no worry about keeping up(因为不担心跟不上 , 所以 “ 自动地 (voluntarily” 考 虑许多问题 , 因果推断。 (现在分词短语表示原因 。2. (2011广东 Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose inte
26、rest in learning.A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired2.B 由与之并列的 lose interest,可知是 become bored。也可这样理解 , 因为厌烦 , 所以才失去 兴趣。 (此处的 and 表示结果 , 前面是原因 3. (2008广东 These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.A. uncomfortable B.
27、 unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable3.D 因 changed so much, 结果父母 “ 认不出来 ” 了。 (that 引导结果状语从句 4. (2009广东 Nobel was 24 to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.A. upset B. anxious C. excited D.
28、 pleased4. A因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人 , 所以他感到 “ 伤心难过 ” 。 (在表 示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因 5. (2008潮州二模 The team met at the bridge. The canoeing was easier now, but there were other _. Bandits(强盗 shot at them once, but they were moving too fast.A. excitements B. lucks C. problems D. things5.C 由表示转折的 but 可知 , 虽然
29、划独木舟容易 (easier,但是有其他一些 “ 难题 (problems” 。 4. 背景常识将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识 , 以及科普常识等结合起来 , 进行简单推 理 , 从而得出正确答案。事实上 , 该技巧与 “ 逻辑推断 ” 常常交织在一起的 , 因为虽有背景常 识 , 仍需简单推理 ; 逻辑推理离不开背景常识。请运用背景常识 , 进行适当推理 , 解答以下高考试题。1.(2010广东 In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the
30、bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door.A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly1.C 由前文可知 , 因韩国不必等别人下了车再上 , 作者当时是初来美国的韩国人 , 在韩国土 生土长 , 由常识 “ 习惯成自然 ” 可知 , 作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车 , 所以看到校车将 门打开后 , 就 “ 无意识地 , 不知不觉地 ” 上车了。2. (2008广东 .the Nobel p
31、rizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions2. D 根据常识 , 奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、 文学和科学事业作出过巨大 “ 贡献 ” 的人 , make contributions to.对 作出贡献。3. (2007广东 After doing a little research, I found th
32、is type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode.A. independent B. infrequent C. inexpensive D. instant3. C 根据常识 “ 天下没有免费的午餐 ”, 要得到某物就可能需要花钱 , 花钱就涉及物品的贵 还是便宜。4. (2010广东 All the students around looked at me, I was totally 30 , and my face went red. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited4. A根据常识 , 周围所有的人都看着作者 , 作者一定会 “ 感到尴尬 ” 。5. 前后搭配主要指动
