1、（普通用词，可指任何变化，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同）1）Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.2）The temperature varies from 20 degrees to minus 45.3）Thepricesofsomegoodswiththeseason.4） Old people dont like to vary/change their habits.3. appropriate prprit: adj. 合适的; 恰当的（指适合某一时间、情况、目的等）appro
2、priately : adv. 适当地; 合适地proper: adj. 合适的; 恰当的; 正确的suitable: 恰当的fit:Sth be appropriate for sth/sb: 什么适合什么/某人Sth be suitable for sth/sb:Sb be suitable for sth: 某人适合什么Sb be fit for sth:Sth be fit for sth/sb:Sth be proper for sth/sb:1）The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate
3、 to the culture you are in.2）Jeansarenotappropriateforaformalparty.schoolwilltakeaction against smoking on campus.4）It is appropriate to let Mr Smith do the job.5）Itisthat the governmentshould give more help to the poor people.4. by contrast: 相比之下; 相反by contrast with.: 和.比compared to/with: 和比1） Shes
4、limmerbycontrasthersister.2） She almost failed the exam, but her brother,by contrast, did very well.3）China,by contrast, reacted calmly to the incidents on the border ofChinaIndia.4） By contrast, China maintained steady economic growth in 2020.5. approvepruv: vi./vt. 赞成; 同意; 批准; 通过approve of: 赞成; 批准
5、approval pruvl: n. 赞成;prove pruv：v. 证明; 证实; 证明是; 表明是1）For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.2） I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didnt approve.3）H
6、erparentsdidapprovedecision.4）My father doesnt approve of me/my leaving the job this year.5） The committee has approved the plan.6） Thelawwasapprovedlargemajority.6. demonstratedemnstret: vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明1）In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.2） It has
7、been demonstrated that this drug/medicine is effective.3）His theory was demonstrated to be false.4）The teacher demonstrated how we should do the experiment.7. gesture dest（r）: n. 手势; 姿势; 姿态guest est: n. 客人; 旅客; 房客; 嘉宾guess es：v. 猜测; 估计; 认为1）The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cu
8、ltures.2） He made a rudegestureat the driver of the whitecar.3） The two disabled persons communicated entirely by gesture.4） It is a nice gesture to invite your workmates to have a meal together.8. witnesswtns: vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人1）The headmasteronewitnessesatourwedding.2）The police have appe
9、aled for witnesses to the accident/killing.3）Anyone who witnessed the attack/accident/killing should call the police.4） Sheshockedviolentscenesshehadwitnessed.9. employ mpl: vt. 使用; 应用; 雇用employer: n. 雇主; 老板employee: n. 雇员; 打工仔employment: n. 就业;unemployment: n. 失业; 失业人数employ sb to do.: 雇用某人做什么emplo
10、y sb as.: 雇用某人当什么be employed in doing sth: 从事于; 忙于做什么hire: v. 雇用（短期、长期）employ: v. 雇用（较正式用词，一般指正规机构、大公司等聘用职员）rent: v. 租用（东西）; 出租fire: v. 解雇; 开除; 射击; 开火dismiss: 开除1）In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.2） How many people does the company emplo
11、y every year?3）Youshouldthinktwicebeforeemployingsomeoneyouvenevermet.4）My uncleemployedascookingrand hotel.5） Everypossiblemeanshasbeentosolveproblem.6） Ifnuclearweaponsemployed,worldbedestroyed.10. identicaladentkl: adj. 相同的be identicalto/with.: 与.相同/一样the sameas: 和相同的be similar to：与类似/相似1） Hisgla
12、ssesidenticalto/mine.2）The two pictures are similar, although not identical.3） Thisidentica/samehotelthat westayedlastyear.4）In the new village nearly all the houses are identical.5） Ourviews/opinionsidentical.11. interpretntprt: vt. 把理解（解释）为;口译interpret.into.: 把翻译成.interpreter ntprt：n. 口译人员translat
13、e trnslet trnzlet：v. 翻译; 转变; 变成translateinto: 把翻译成/变成translation trnslen trnzlen：n. 翻译; 译文; 转变translator trnsleittrnzleit : n. 翻译家; 译者1）In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.2） Can you interpret the poem for me?3） The data can be interpreted in many d
14、ifferent ways.4）She couldnt speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.5） ItriedinterpretwhatsaidintoRussian.12. differdf（r）: vi. 相异; 不同于differ from:be different from/than/to:1）Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.2） The story he told the police differ
15、ed from the one he told his mother.3）British English differs from American English in many ways.4） I beg to differ. 很抱歉，我不敢苟同。13. by comparison （with.）: （与）相比较 = in comparison （with.）by contrast （with.）:1）In many countries, shaking ones head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bul
16、garia and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.2） BycomparisonCanada,Germanysmall.3）This jacketreallycheapercomparison.4）By contrast /comparison, China maintained steady economic growth in 2020.14. cheektik: n. 面颊; 脸颊face fes：v. 面对; 面向; 面临 n. 脸; 面孔; 表情checktek: v. 检查; 核实; 核对1）In
17、countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.2） He kissed her on both cheeks.3） Tears were running down her cheeks.4）The people are dancing cheek to cheek.15. favour/favorfev（r）: vt. 较喜欢; 选择; 有利于n. 帮助; 恩惠; 赞同in favour of: 支持; 赞成 in ones favour: 有利于某人; 有
18、助于某人do sb a favour: 帮助某人do a favor for sb: 帮助某人 do sb the favor to do : 帮助某人做什么do the/a favor to do : 帮助做什么1）Most students favour the plan, while their teachers are not in favour of it.2）The warm climate favours many types of plants.3）The poor people didnt receive any special favours from the countr
19、y.4）I would never ask for any favours from her.5） Many parentsalwaysfavour theiryoungestchildren.6）The student favoured the major according to his interest.7） The emperor favoured hisfourteenthsonas successor（继承人）.16. bow ba: vi. 鞠躬; 点头vt. 低（头）b: n. 弓; 蝴蝶结nod nd：v./n. 点头; 点头致意; 打盹; 打瞌睡bow （down） to:
20、 向鞠躬bow before: 在前鞠躬1）The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.2）The president bowed to the people for what he had said.3） Thedeerseemedunderstandthatsaveditslife,becauseitleft,keptbowingheadher.4） Amanwithoutmoneybowanarrow（箭）.17. waistwest: n. 腰; 腰部1）Elsewhere, people favour s
21、haking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.2） He put his arms around herwaist.3） Herlong hairfalls18. make inferences: 推理; 推断infer nf（r）: v. 推断; 推论; 推理; 暗示inference nfrns: n. 结论; 推断; 推论make sense: 讲得通; 有意义make no sense: 讲不通; 无意义1）Itsimpossiblemakeinferencesf
22、romso little information.2）Youcansometimesbasedonpreviousknowledge.3）Iinferredreportpilotresponsibleaccident.4）What can you infer from the passage?19. break down: 消除; 分解; 打破; 毁掉; 坏掉; 抛锚; 身体垮掉break out: （战争/火灾/疾病等）爆发break away from： 脱离;与断绝来往break with: 与断绝关系 break into: 闯入break in: 闯入; 插话break up: 分解
23、（物理）; 拆开; 驱散1）Aftermanyyears,rocksbreakdowndirt.2） Chemicalsbodyfoodusefulsubstances.3）My car broke down on the way to the airport yesterday.4） Yourhealthifyouworktoohard.20. barrier bri（r）: n. 隔阂; 障碍break down the barrier: 消除障碍1）A smile can break down barriers.2）Weretryingbarriersyoungold.3）They fe
24、ll in love in spite of the languagebarrier.21. fakefek: adj. 假装的; 假的; 冒充的fake: 假的（指伪造的、冒充的）fake news/ fur/ leather/diamond /pearl/silk/laugh/smlie: 假新闻/皮毛/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝/笑real: adj. 真的（not artificial/false ）real flower/gold/leather/diamond /pearl/silk: 真花/金/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝（指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时，常可与 genuine 换用）arti
25、ficial flower/emotion/smile: 假花/情感/笑artificial light/material/product/fur/ leather/diamond /pearl/silk:人造的光/材料/产品/皮毛/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝false: 假的（指非天然的、非天生的）false tooth/ beard/diamond /pearl/silk/door/passport/friend:假牙/胡子/钻石/珠宝/丝/门/护照/朋友man-made: 人造的（非天然的）man-made satellite/material/product: 人造卫星/材料/产品true: adj. 真实的; 符合事实的（指信息等与事实相符的，而非妄言或虚假的）1）Apart from fake smiles, is there any other kind of body language that can sometimes be fake?2） Somepeoplesayhiseyes arefake.3）Inmyopinion,the government should takestrongmeasuresfightagainstfakeproducts.22. anger（r）: n. 愤怒; 怒气vt. 使生气
