1、仁爱版初中英语七年级英语下Unit7同步学案知识清单2017年仁爱版初中英语七年级英语下Unit7同步学案知识清单Topic 1语法聚焦一般过去式 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 a minute ago, two days / months / years ago, yesterday, last year, in those days, just now,in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。(1)过去存在的状态。My father was at work yesterday afternoon. (2)过去某个时间发
2、生的动作。 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. (3)过去经常或反复发生的动作。He always went to work by bus last year.2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： (1)am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） (2)are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） (3)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样， 即否句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 Eg:Were you born in July,1999? Yes, I
3、 was./No,I wasnt.3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子(行为动词一般过去时态)否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。Eg：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ Eg：What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ Eg：Who went to home yesterday?4.动词过去式变化规则： (1) 规则动词一般在动词末尾直接加-ed，如：pull-pulle
4、d, cook-cooked (2) 结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted, move-moved (3) 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed. 如：stop-stopped, plan-planned (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed, 如：study-studied (5)不规则动词过去式： am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-too
5、k, run-ran, put-put, make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat，drink-drankSection A1.When was he born,do you know? 你知道他什么时候出生的吗？ -He was born in June,1985. 他出生在1985年6月。 （1）was是be动词的过去式之一，用于一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。通常be动词有如下形式变化： was not (A
6、)am,is-过去式-was-否定式- wasnt Be (句子主语为第一、第三人称单数) were not (B) are-过去式-were-否定式- werent (句子主语为第二人称或者第一、二、三人称复数) Be动词的过去式用法与am、is、are在各种句式中的用法一致。(2) be born意为“出生，出世”当说明某人的出生情况时，通常用一般过去时 was born或were born。例如：When was Tom born? 汤姆什么时候出生的？ in+年份、月份（3）be born On+具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上例如：Were you born in January? Mi
7、ke was born on February 17th 1985. of/to 由所生（4）be born On 出身（生）与家庭例如：He was born of/to German parents.他的生身父母是德国人。 She was born into a very musical family.她生于音乐之家。2. fan名词 “崇拜者，.迷，风扇” 例如：He is a big fan of Michael Jackson. I cool myself in front of an electric fan. Section B1.基数词变序数词规律： 一二三特殊记，th从四加起
8、； 八去t,九去e,f来把ve替； ty变成tie, 若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以. 2.-Whats the date today? - Its May 8th. 询问日期和询问星期一样，回答一般用it。在询问过去日期时，谓语动词用was，但是在询问未来日期时，常用一般现在时。 例如- Whats the date tomorrow? - Its June 6th. -What was the date yesterday? -It was August 10th，2008.3.英语中日期有以下两种表示法：美式写法：月份+日期，+年份。如： May 21th ，2001（2001年5月21
9、日） 读作：May （the）twenty-first,two thousand and one.英式写法：日期+月份，+年份。 May 21th ，2001（2001年5月21日） 读作：the twenty-fifth of May，two thousand and one 注意：年份之前的逗号不能省去。4. be coming意为“就要到来”是现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 运用这种时态的还有 go, leave , arrive等。 例如：The train is 10 arriving at 10 am. I am leaving to minutes later.5. plan既可
10、做动词 (v.),也可做名词(n.)其用法如下： plan to do sth 计划干某事 We plan to run a supermarket next month. 安排，计划 plan sth 计划，安排某事 Were planning a plan .6. celebrate (v.) 庆祝，举行（仪式，庆典）动词 celebration (n.) 庆祝，庆典 名词 celebrated (adj.) 有名的，著名的 形容词 （同义词：famous） 例如：He is a celebrated actor. We will celebrate your birthday with
11、a party. The celebration of our National Day is really amazing. Section C1.Mm, whats the shape of your present? -Its round . -它是圆的。 （1）Whats the shape of ？=What shape is ? 是什么形状的？ 例如:Whats the shape of the dust bin? -What shape is the dust bin? （2）round在此处是形容词，作表语，意为“远的、球形的” 例如：I have got a round di
12、sh. 拓展：circle 的用法 （1）n. 意为“圆；圈子，社会”等。 例如：Lets make a circle and play a game.（2）v. 意为“画圈，圈出”等。 例如：The teacher asks students to circle the words when they made a mistake.2.What color is it? 它是什么颜色的？-Its black and white.他是黑白相间的。类似短语还有red and white,（红白相间） black and blue译作“青一块，紫一块”。 3.Oh,I get it, Its a
13、soccer ball.噢！我明白了，它是个足球。 I get it.=I see.意为“我明白了” ，“我知道了”，此句中get的意思为“明白、理解， 相当于know或understand”。但get在不同的语境中可有不同含义。 例如：I get a letter today. Well be late. Lets get a taxi.4.How long / wide is it? 它有多长？-Its 24 centimeters long / wide. How long 既可询问物体长度，也可询问时间长短。 例如: How long can I keep this book? 这本书
14、我能借多久？ -Two weeks. How long is the desk? - Its two meters.5.What do we use it for? 我们用它来做什么？-We use it keep pencils,rulers,erasers and so on. use sth. for sth./doing sth.= use sth to do sth. 用某物来做某事。注意：Whatuse sth. for?为固定句型。6.Its 6.4 centimeters wide. (1)句中6.4读作six point four(2)英语中表达长、宽、高时，常先说数字，再说
15、单位。 而表示长、宽、高的形容词放在最后。 例如：That man is 2 meters tall. 那个人2米高。7. 24cm6.4cm读作twenty-four centimenters times six point four centimentersSection D1.a berutiful light blue dress 名词前面如果有多个形容词作定语时，形容词排列的顺序是：限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等）+数词（基数词和序数词）+描绘形容词（短词在前，长词在后）+表示特征的形容词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等）+表颜色的形容词+表属类的形容词（表示国家地区的
16、专有名词、表材料质地的词）+修饰性的名词或动名词（多表示重要特点）+名词。例如：the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白石桥 a happy middle-aged Japanese women 一位开心的中年日本妇女2.“为某人买某物”常用buy sb.sth. / buy sth. for sb.（buy 的过去式为bought） 例如：My father bought me a new computer yesterday. =My father bought a mew computer for m
17、e yesterday.3.do some cleaning (do+some+v.ing为一种固定结构.有时候可用the替换some) 例如：do some/the shopping 购物 do some reading 看书 do some washing 洗东西（衣服）【注意】do+some+v.ing 是固定结构，在把含有这种结构的句子改为疑问句和否 定句时，some不能改成any。 例如：Do you often help your mother do some washing on Sunday? Aunt Li was not well，so she didnt do some
18、cleaning yesterday.仁爱版英语七年级下Unit 7 知识清单Topic 2一， 重点句型及交际用语1, What else can you do? - I can dance and play the guitar.2, Can Ann dance or draw? -She can dance. She can do it a little / very well.3, But when she was five, she could dance a little. 4, I am sure well have a good time at the party. 5, At
19、 age of five,there was something wrong with her eyes. 6, You are so smart. 7, With her mothers help,Jenny can write well now.二，语法聚焦1, 选择疑问句，即是提供两种或两种以上情况供对方选择. 选择疑问句不能用yes或者no来回答，一般情况选择两项或三项中的一项进行回答。 (1) 基本结构：一般疑问句+or+选项 eg：Do you want coffee or tea?-I want water. (2) 特殊疑问句+A选项+or+B选项 eg：Where shall
20、 we meet, our school or King street? -King street. 2, can表能力，是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形。 (1) 陈述句：主语+can/cant+谓语动词+其他 eg: She can play the piano,but she cant play the violin. (2)一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+其他? eg: Can you come and meet our employees? Can he wait for me a moment? (3) 特殊疑问句: 疑问代词/疑问副词+can+主语+动词原形+其他
21、? eg: What can I do for you? -I am just have a look. Why can she dance so beautiful? 扩充：在日常会话中can 还可表示“许可，容许” eg: You can set off now. （出发）3, else 意为“其他的，别的”用于疑问代词和疑问副词 或不定式nothing,something,nobody 等后面。 eg：What else can you see in this picture? I dont want anything else. Thanks.常用疑问代词：what ,which,wh
22、om,whose常用疑问副词：when,where,why ,how 4, be sure+( that) 宾语从句 确信/肯定. eg: I am sure (that) I can finish it on time. He is sure (that) his sister will pass the exam.be sure to do sth. 一定要，务必做某事。 eg: Be sure to give my best wishes to your family. Be sure to return my dictionary when you come back.5, “Be s
23、ure / Make sure+( that) 宾语从句” 用于祈使句时，that 从句用一般现在时 表将来，以强调某一要求。 eg: Be sure (that) you close the door before you leave. Make sure (that) you take an umbrella when you have a picnic.6, have a good time “玩的开心，过的愉快” 类似表达： have a wonderful time have a nice time. have a good time = enjoy oneself7,smart 形
24、容词 “聪明的，漂亮的” eg: Your hat is very small. She can work out all math problems, so she is very smart.8, take sb/ sth to somewhere 带.去某地 bring sb/ sth to somewhere 从某地带.来 eg: My mother often takes me to the park. Please bring your books to the library.9, so many +可数名词复数 “许多” so much + 不可数名词原形 eg: Little
25、 Chang is only three years old, but he can count so many numbers.There is so much sow this year.10, a little + 不可数名词 “一点儿，一些” a few + 可数名词复数 “一些，少数几个” （表示肯定意义） little + 不可数名词 “很少，几乎没有”few + 可数名词复数 “没几个” （表示否定意义）11, 情态动词can和could 的用法。情态动词是动词的一种，它本身有意义，但不能单独使用作谓语。它只能和 动词原形一起构成谓语。can 作为情态动词，有时太但无人称变化，其
26、否定形式为：cant 过去式为：could / couldnt.(1) can 表示主语做某事的能力，意为”能，会” could 用于一般过去式，表示过去的能力。 eg: My brothers can play the guita. He could recite many poems when he was 3 years old.(2) 在口语中，can 和could 还可以表示“允许，请求，要求，建议”等 eg: You can go out now. Can I have a cup of coffee? 12, 两着以上都用 “both”，三者以上都用 “all” eg: We b
27、oth students. My friends all went to the cinema last night. 扩充：both (of the)+复数名词 both of + 复数代词 eg: Both(of the) students are hard working. Both the them are hard working. 当链接并列成分时，both 常用and 连用，both.and.意为“（什么）和（什么）都” eg: Both you and I can speak French. 13, at the age of = when sb was / were.岁的岁的
28、时候 eg: At the age of 23 , she became a famous writer. When she was23 , she became a famous writer. 扩充：under the age of. “.少岁以下” over the age of .“.少岁以上”14, not.any more “不再，再也不”not.any more = no more eg: She is not a baby any more . She is no more a baby. 15, be hard for sb= be difficult for sb “对某人
29、来说很困难” eg: Without his parents help its hard for him to get success. Without his parents help its difficult for him to get success. 16, with ones help = with the help of “ 在.帮助下” eg: With his teacher s help he passed the exam. With the help of his teacher he passed the exam. 仁爱版英语七年级下Unit 7 知识清单 Top
30、ic 3一，重点句型1. Did you hurt yourself? 2. What happened to Michael at the party? 3. How could you lie to me? 4. Why didnt you tell me the truth?5. I wont do it again. 6. Its your turn.7. Where is the washroom? This way, please.8. He performed some magic tricks.9. We made the cards by hand.10. Kangkang made a wish and then blew out the candles.一般过去时的概念一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday，three days ago等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。(1). 一般过去时结构1). 肯定句: 主语+谓语动词的过去式+其它, 谓语动词不随人称的变化而变化。 Eg:She saw a film
