1、整理中英文机械设计基础名词术语机械设计中英文名词对照（5）建设项目对环境影响的经济损益分析。目录（2）是否符合国家产业政策和清洁生产标准或要求。1. 机构学 2. 极限与配合 3. 疲劳强度 4. 可靠性规划审批机关在审批专项规划草案时，应当将环境影响报告书结论以及审查意见作为决策的重要依据。5. 振动与冲击 6. 摩擦学 7. 螺纹连接 8. 轴上零件（4）列出辨识与分析危险、有害因素的依据，阐述辨识与分析危险、有害因素的过程。3.建设项目环境影响评价文件的审查要求报告内容有：建设项目基本情况、建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况、环境质量状况、主要环境保护目标、评价适用标准、工程内容及规模、
2、与本项目有关的原有污染情况及主要环境问题、建设项目工程分析、项目主要污染物产生及预计排放情况、环境影响分析、建设项目拟采取的防治措施及预期治理效果、结论与建议等。9. 键连接 10. 销钉连接 11. 联轴器 12. 离合器例题-2006年真题下列关于建设项目环境影响评价实行分类管理的表述，正确的是（）13. 制动器 14. 滑动轴承 15. 滚动轴承 16. 弹簧2）预防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施。主要包括预防或者减轻不良环境影响的政策、管理或者技术等措施。17. 传动一般 18. 齿轮传动 19. 传动装置 20. 锥齿轮传动1. 规划环境影响评价的报审21. 谐波传动 22. 蜗杆
3、传动 23. 带传动 24. 链传动25. 其他零件1机构学机构学 theory of mechanisms机构mechanism机器machine机械machinery构件link主动件driving link 从动件driven运动副kinematic pair铰链连接hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链kinematic chain低副lower pair高副higher pair自由度degree of freedom虚约束redundant constraint, passive constrain
4、t机构简图schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构运动学kinematics of mechanism速比velocity ratio of link 传动比transmission ratio速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学dynamics of machinery驱动力driving force扰动力perturbed force工作阻力effective resistance静载荷static
5、 load 动载荷dynamic load离心力centrifugal force作用力active force, applied force反作用力reaction等效力equivalent force 力矩moment力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple力平衡equilibrium扭矩torque, torsional moment等效力矩equivalent moment效率efficiency等效构件equivalent link等效质量equivalent mass转动惯量moment of inertia惯性积product of inertia极转动惯量 pol
6、ar moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration飞轮flywheel调速器governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡static balance of rotor转子的动平衡dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量balancing mass质径积mass-radius product连续系统continuous system离散系统discrete system变质量系统variable mass system连杆机构linkage mechanism连架杆side link曲柄crank连杆coupler, float
7、ing link摇杆rocker滑块slider导杆guide bar, guide link四杆机构four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构eccentric mec
8、hanism急回运动机构quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio凸轮cam盘形凸轮plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮translating cam凸轮从动件cam follower 直动从动件translating follower凸轮理论轮廓cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓cam contour, cam profile回程return travel推程rise travel回程运动角motion angle for
9、 return travel推程运动角motion angle for rise travel近休止角nearest dwell angle远休止角farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构crew mechanism差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism自锁机构self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构interm
10、ittent mechanism步进机构step mechanism不完全齿轮机构incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构geneva mechanism棘爪pawl棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism擒纵机构escapement差动机构differential mechanism瞬心线机构centrode mechanism2极限与配合尺寸偏差deviation 基本尺寸basic size极限尺寸limits of size 上偏差upper deviation实际尺寸actual
11、size下偏差lower deviation最大极限尺寸maximum limits of size 最小极限尺寸minimum limits of size 间隙配合clearance fit过盈配合interference fit过渡配合transition fit公差带tolerance zone基孔制hole basic system基轴制shaft basic system 3疲劳强度高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳contact fatigue 循环载荷cyclic loading 随机载荷random loading
12、恒幅载荷constant loading变幅载荷variable amplitude loading最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress平均应力mean stress应力幅stress amplitude循环特性stress ratio脉动循环pulsation cycle对称循环symmetry cycle疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳极限fatigue limit应力集中stress concentration有效应力集中系数effective stress concentration factor无限寿命设计infinite life d
13、esign有限寿命设计finite life design尺寸系数size factor 表面加工系数surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱loading spectrum断裂力学fracture mechanics 4可靠性可靠性reliability失效failure浴盆曲线bathtub curve 故障fault概率密度函数probability density function 5振动与冲击振动vibration周期振动periodic vibration简谐振动simple harmonic vibrat
14、ion随机振动random vibration噪声noise瞬态振动transient vibration稳态振动steady-state vibration受迫振动forced vibration纵向振动longitudinal vibration弯曲振动bending vibration扭转振动torsional vibration自激振动self-excited vibration非线性振动non-linear vibration振动模态modal of vibration共振resonance振型mode shape耦合振型coupled modes共振频率resonance freq
15、uency阻尼damping冲击shock冲击脉冲shock pulse机械冲击mechanical shock冲击波shock wave冲击响应谱shock response spectrum 冲击响应谱shock spectrum 6摩擦学摩擦学tribology摩擦friction磨损wear润滑lubrication摩擦系数friction coefficient当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction流体摩擦fluid friction 干摩擦dry friction 边界摩擦boundary lubrication 摩擦材料friction
16、material 烧结金属sintered metalic material 金属陶瓷ceramic friction material 机械磨损mechanical wear机械化学磨损mechano-chemical wear 磨料磨损abrasion, abrasive wear 气蚀磨损cavitation wear黏着磨损adhesion wear剥落spalling涂抹smearing 擦伤scratching 咬死seizure氧化磨损oxidative 接触疲劳contact fatigue点蚀pitting微动磨损fretting wear磨合磨损running-in wea
17、r磨损率wear rate耐磨性wear resistance 黏度viscosity黏弹性visco-elasticity稠度consistency 锥入度penetration流变学rheology 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 雷诺方程Reynolds equation 轴承特性系数bearing characteristic number索默菲德数Sommerfeld number 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体润滑fluid lubrication 固体润滑solid-film lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubricatio
18、n 液体静力润滑hydrostatic lubrication 弹性流体动力润滑elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流体动力润滑magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 极压润滑extreme-pressure lubrication连续润滑continuous lubrication 间歇润滑periodical lubrication循环润滑circulating lubrication油浴润滑bath lubrication油雾润滑mist lubrication油环润滑oil-ring lubrication油垫润滑pad lubr
19、ication润滑剂lubricant添加剂additive 7螺纹连接紧固件fastener螺旋线helix螺纹screw thread圆柱螺纹parallel screw thread圆锥螺纹taper screw thread外螺纹external thread内螺纹internal thread单线螺纹single-start thread 多线螺纹multi-start thread 右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 自攻螺纹tapping screw thread基本牙型basic profile牙型角thread angle牙型
20、半角half of thread angle 公称直径nominal diameter 螺纹大径major diameter 螺纹小径minor diameter螺纹中径pitch diameter 螺距pitch 螺纹导程lead螺纹升角lead angle 螺纹牙厚thread ridge thickness 螺纹槽宽thread groove width 螺纹旋合长度length of thread engagement 螺纹接触高度thread contact height 螺距偏差deviation in pitch 螺距累积误差cumulative error in pitch 螺
21、栓bolt 双头螺柱stud六角头螺栓hexagon bolt 地脚螺栓foundation bolt T形螺栓T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺钉screw紧定螺钉set screw自攻螺钉tapping screw吊环螺钉lifting eye bolt开槽圆柱头螺钉slotted cheese head screw 开槽盘头螺钉slotted pan head screw 开槽沉头螺钉slotted countersunk (flat) head screw 开槽半沉头螺钉slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw
22、 开槽圆头螺钉slotted round head screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon socket head cap head screw内六角沉头螺钉hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw十字槽盘头螺钉cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉头螺钉cross recessed countersunk head screw螺母nut六角螺母hexagon nut方螺母square nut 圆螺母round nut 滚花高螺母knurled nut with collar 翼形螺母wing nut 吊环螺母l
23、ifting nut 垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer方垫圈square washer with round hole弹性垫圈spring washer 弹簧垫圈helical spring lock washer 外齿锁紧垫圈external teeth lock washer 内齿锁紧垫圈internal teeth lock washer 单耳止动垫圈tab washer with long tab 双耳止动垫圈tab washer with long tab and wing 外舌止动垫圈external tab washer 内舌止动垫圈internal tab was
24、her 8轴上零件轴肩挡圈ring for shoulder轴端挡圈lock ring at the end of shaft弹性挡圈snap ring 钢丝挡圈round wire 9键连接键 key 花键spline键槽key way平键flat key普通平键general flat key导向平键 feather key ,dive key滑键feather key半圆键woodruff key楔键taper key钩头楔键gib-head taper key切向键tangential key矩形花键rectangle spline渐开线花键involute spline 10销钉连接
25、销pin圆柱销cylindrical pin, straight pin 圆锥销conical pin , taper pin弹性圆柱销spring-type straight pin ,spring pin开尾圆锥销taper pin with split槽销grooved pin销轴clevis pin with head开口销cotter pin ,split pin安全销safety pin快卸销quick-release pin 11联轴器联轴器coupling 刚性联轴器Rigid coupling套筒联轴器sleeve coupling凸缘联轴器flange coupling夹壳联轴器split coupling齿式联轴器gear coupling十字滑块联轴器Oldham coupling 滑块联轴器NZ clao type coupling链条联轴器chain coupling万向联轴器universal joint球笼式同步万向联轴器synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker弹性联轴器resilient shaft coupling簧片联轴器flat spring coupl
