1、英语专四真题和参考答案与解析WORD 格式整理版2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are fouroptions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answersthe question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent
2、Pyramid outside Cairo _ ancient Egypt s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News _ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to
3、 university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not _have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of_ mountains behind the apple
4、orchard. A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue Virginia C. Virginia hazy blue D. Virginia blue hazy学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版15. I long to alleviate _, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killingand maiming _.A. warB. a
5、re warC. of warD. are of war17. At _, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basic B. its basicC. the most basic D. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her namefrom the
6、 deed. The infinitive verb phrase “ only to learn ” is used _.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonde
7、r what s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she
8、would have been immensely学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentenceexpresses _.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to_, their lawye
9、rs used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution. A. justiceB. testimony C. trialD. verdict22._, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have
10、 recently risen in order to _ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cut B. buoy C. offer D. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “ has no _ of giving anyauthorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版25.What
11、actually _ a good angle or a good selfie overall is rooted inwhat we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the _ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. final B. furtherC. supplementary D.
12、extra27. The teachers union _ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing“ deplorable ” school conditions. A. firedB. filed C. fined D. filled28. Last March the _ of a 19thcentury cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She s worn his
13、designs on _ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版30. A leading _ intelligence and operations company has released its analysisof worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD
14、. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passageif inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCEONLY. Mark the letterfor each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompanies B. automatically C. couple D. goes E. indebtednessF. kind G. mann
15、er H. mercifully I. one J. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. Hesent Christmascards to a sample of perfect strangers.Although he expectedsomereaction,the response he receivedwas amazingholidaycards address
16、edto him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard ofhim.The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into theidentity of theunknown professor.They receivedhisholidaygreetingcard,and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the
17、 most powerful of the weapons of influence around usthe rulefor reciprocation.The rule saysthatwe shouldtry to repay,in kind, whatanother person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a g
18、ift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版the receipt
19、 of such things that a term like “much obliged ” has become asynonym for “thank you, ” not only in the English language but in othersas well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It isso widespread tha
20、t after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions.For each multip
21、le choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（ 1 ） The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies that were free from the controls that
22、existed in European societies. Theywanted to escape the controlsplaced ontheir lives bykings and governments,priestsand churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those firstsettlershave had a profoundeffecton theshapingof theAmerican character.By limitingthe power of thegove
23、rnmentand thechurchesand eliminatinga formal aristocracy,theycreated a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americansmean thedesireand the abilityofall individualsto controltheirown destinywi
24、thoutoutsideinterferencefrom thegovernment,a rulingnobleclass, thechurch,orany otherorganized authority.(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financial and emotional independence fro
25、m their parents as early as学习指导参考WORD 格式整理版possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A secondimportantreasonwhy immigrantshave traditionallybeen drawn totheUnitedStatesis thebeliefthateveryonehas a equalchance to enter a raceand succeedin thegame. Because titles ofnobilitywere forbidden in the Constituti
26、on, noformalclass system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition.If muchoflifeis seen asrace, then a person must run the race in orderto succeed;a personmust compete withothers.The pressuresof competitioninthelifeof an American begi
27、n in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact,any group ofpeople who does not compete successfullydoesnot fitintothemainstreamof American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United Statesis tohave a betterlife.Because of its
28、abundantnaturalresources,the United Statesappeared to be a“ land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes.The phrase “ going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Manypeople did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the Americanpeople, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hardwork has been bothnecessaryand rewardingformost Americansthroughouttheirhistory.In some ways,materialpossessionsareseen as evidenceofpeople s abilities.
