1、考研英语阅读新思维动词的分类及用法考研英语阅读新思维：动词的分类及用法2016考研资料分享群：248600511第一节 动词的分类及用法根据意义和句法功能，动词可分类为：实义动词，系动词，情态动词，助动词。实义动词指的是有实在的意义并能独立做谓语的动词，如mean, study, love等。系动词是联系主语和表语，说明其关系并与表语一起构成名词性复合谓语的动词。除be之外主要的系动词还有，remain(仍然是), stay(保持), keep(保持)；become(变得), get(变得), go(变得), grow(变得) turn(变得), come(变得)；appear (显得，似乎是
2、); look(看起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎), taste(尝起来), smell(闻起来), feel(觉得), hold(认为)。情态动词有一定的意义但不完整，仅表示说话人之“情态”，和原形动词构成动词性复合谓语。比如can/could; may/might; must; need; dare; shall; should/ought to; will/would等。助动词be, have, do无实在意义，只帮助中心动词构成不同的时态、语态、语气等。另外，动词短语有不同的构成方式，但基本上可以分为两大类，一种是不能拆开的短语，即中间不能加入名词的短语，比如，sta
3、y up(熬夜), look out(小心), break out(爆发), go up(上升), 骗去做)等。2. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. 美国人不再把繁荣看成是理所当然的事。英语中动词后面接for的短语还有：preparefor(为做准备), justifyfor(为辩护), substitutefor (用来取代)等。3. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. 一般情况下，
4、这些猴子很乐意用石块来换取黄瓜片。4. The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 最高法院关于医生协助病人结束生命问题的裁决，对于如何利用药物来减轻临终病人的痛苦这个问题来说，具有重要的意义。英语中动词后面接of的短语还有：accuseof(指控犯罪), robof(剥夺), depriveof(剥夺), informo
5、f(告知), remindof(提醒), warnof(警告)等。5. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和创新能力与这种教育优势联系起来。英语中动词后面接to的短语还有：applyto(把运用到), commit/devoteto(把用在/献在), dedicateto(把献于), attributeto(把归因于), oweto(把归因于), restrictto(把限制在), sub
6、jectto(让受到), compareto(把比作是/做比较), bringto an end(让结束), exposeto(让暴露在), bringto light(使得以发现，暴露), linkto(把和联系起来)等。6. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC委员们同样表示他们将呼吁由私人赞助的研究人员和诊所不要试图
7、通过人体细胞核移植技术来克隆人。7. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.我已经从一个“获得（拥有）一切”理念（琳达凯茜过去七年中在女性这本杂志所宣扬的）的积极倡导者，变成了一个乐
8、于接受任何东西只要一丁点就够的女人。8. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test-taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.尽管日本因强调基础知识而受到外国人的称赞，但是其教育往往强调应试和机械性学习而忽视了创造性及自我表现力。 英语中动词后面接over的短语还有：stress/value/emphasizeover (重视胜过)等。
9、9. “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 科学不会提供问题的所有解决
10、办法，但科学可以为我们提供面向未来的最好的指引，我国和全世界都要根据科学能够为我们目前行动给未来造成的影响所提供的最佳判断来制定重要政策，这是至关重要的。英语中动词后面接with的短语还有：connect/associate/combinewith(把联系起来), presentwith(用来赠送), comparewith(把作比较)等。10. Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both informatio
11、n collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Straitford公司的总裁George Friedman说，他把在线世界看作是一种信息收集和发布的互动工具，这是一个间谍大师的梦想。11. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish “the worst sort of ambulance-cashing.” 他对机构重组顾问们所做的大量工作不屑一顾，因为那些完全是垃圾“一种最糟糕的应急补救措施”。12. The report i
12、dentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 这份报告把对痛苦的治疗不够以及大胆使用那些无效并带有强迫性的可能延长甚至不尊重死亡过程的医学治疗看作是临终护理的两个问题。13. The society, whose membership i
13、s currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax in history. 目前估计会员大约有1400人的这个协会，对这个广为接受的有关地球形状的现代看法不屑一顾，认为这完全是一派胡言，而且深信整个人类正在遭受有史以来最大
14、的骗局。英语中动词后面接as的短语还有：regardas(把当做是), viewas(把看作是), think of as(认为是), defineas(把定义为), adoptas(把接受为), acceptas(把当做是), electas(把当做是)等。下面我们来看看并熟悉历年翻译真题中出现的“动词+名词+介词+名词”的情况。14. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove tha
15、t the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. (1994/74)【结构分析】本句的主语是Galileos greatest glory，谓语是was，其后that引导的是个表语从句，从句的主谓部分是he was，表语是后面的名词the first person，这个名词后面接了个不定式短语作后置定语，这个结构的后面又接了个不定式to prove来做目的状语，that引导的是个宾语从句，从句里的主谓是the planets revolve around，rather than是个固定短语，意思是“而不是”，后
16、面省略了与前面相同的动词短语中的动词revolve。【核心词汇】glory（光荣）属于抽象名词，翻译表达时应把它具体化，可以表达成：成就或贡献。newly invented 是个由副词+动词过去分词而构成的复合形容词，再比如constantly applied efforts不断做出的努力, continually updated information 不断更新的信息。动词turnon（把对准）属于动词+名词+介词+名词的考点。【参考译文】伽利略最伟大的成就在于他在1609年是第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以此来证实行星是围绕太阳转而不是围绕地球转。【测试点】表语从句；宾语从句；后置定语；
17、固定词组理解15. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. (1999/71)【结构分析】本句while引导的是个让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管”，状语从句里用了asas(与一样)这个词组。主句的主语是m
18、ost practice，谓语是动词短语conform to符合，宾语是代词one，指代前面的名词definition，that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的one。定语从句里用了动词短语seeas(把看作是)，因此后面的attempt应该是个名词，后面又接了一个不定式做其后置定语。【核心词汇】while虽然，尽管；当时候；而；asas与一样；definition定义，界定；closely接近地，紧密地; conform to服从，遵守；modern practice现代实践；seeas把看作是；recreate再现，重现，娱乐；significant有意义的，重大的，重要的；signific
19、ance意义，重要性【参考译文】几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代实践最趋向于认同这样一个定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。【测试点】while让步状语从句；one指代关系；定语从句；动词短语16. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. (2002/61)【结
20、构分析】本句的主谓部分是One difficulty is ，后面是that引导的表语从句，从句中 almost all of what is called behavioral science 做表语从句里的主语，continues to traceto做谓语，宾语是behavior，后面介词to接了几个并列的名词短语做其宾语。【核心词汇】be called 被称作是，behavioral science行为科学；trace A to B直译为找A的根源找到了B上去，因此可以翻译成从B 来寻找A的根源，states of mind心态；traits of character性格特征；huma
21、n nature人的本性，即人性【参考译文】难题/困难之一在于，几乎所谓的行为科学继续或依旧从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面来寻找行为的根源。【测试点】表语从句；主语从句；动词和介词搭配的翻译17. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (2003/61)【结构分析】本句的主谓宾是humans have the
22、ability，后面接了一个不定式来做名词ability的后置定语，其中in which they live是个由which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the environment，逗号后面是分词短语subjecting，起到一种表示结果状态的作用。本句难点在于识别逗号后面的动词短语subject sth. to sth。【核心词汇】modify the environment改变环境，改造环境；subject A to B 让A服从或受到B的制约；peculiar 奇特的，奇怪的；fancy想象【参考译文】而且/更进一步来说，人类有能力来改变他们自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它生命形式服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。【测试点】不定式短语做定语；介词+which引导的定语从句；分词短语做状语
